用空间混合方法让复杂机器学习势能快速运行,兼顾精度与效率。
Efficient and Accurate Spatial Mixing of Machine Learned Interatomic Potentials for Materials Science
- 通过空间混合不同复杂度的势能模型,实现计算加速。
- 在8000原子体系中提速最高达11倍,且保持第一性原理精度。
- 适合需要大规模模拟但算力受限的研究者使用。
机器学习原子间势能可接近第一性原理精度,但计算成本高,限制了其在大规模分子动力学模拟中的应用。受量子力学/分子力学方法启发,我们提出ML-MIX,一个兼容CPU和GPU的LAMMPS插件,通过空间混合不同复杂度的势能模型来加速模拟,使现代机器学习势能(MLIPs)能在计算资源受限条件下部署。我们在ACE、UF3、SNAP和MACE等势能架构上验证该方法,展示了如何从昂贵势能中提炼出线性的廉价势能,在构型空间相关区域实现高精度匹配。通过硅、铁和钨-氦点缺陷测试,证明在超过8000个原子的体系中速度提升最高达11倍,且不牺牲准确性。科学应用方面,案例研究展示了在钨中利用ACE/ACE混合模拟螺旋位错移动,以及采用MACE/SNAP混合模拟氦离子注入,其返回的氦反射系数首次在80 eV入射能量范围内与实验观测一致,证明了将前沿模型应用于大尺度真实系统的优势。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Machine-learned interatomic potentials can offer near first-principles accuracy but are computationally expensive, limiting their application to large-scale molecular dynamics simulations. Inspired by quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics methods we present ML-MIX, a CPU- and GPU-compatible LAMMPS package to accelerate simulations by spatially mixing interatomic potentials of different complexities allowing deployment of modern MLIPs even under restricted computational budgets. We demonstrate our method for ACE, UF3, SNAP and MACE potential architectures and demonstrate how linear 'cheap' potentials can be distilled from a given 'expensive' potential, allowing close matching in relevant regions of configuration space. The functionality of ML-MIX is demonstrated through tests on point defects in Si, Fe and W-He, in which speedups of up to 11x over ~ 8,000 atoms are demonstrated, without sacrificing accuracy. The scientific potential of ML-MIX is demonstrated via two case studies in W, measuring the mobility of b = 1/2 111 screw dislocations with ACE/ACE mixing and the implantation of He with MACE/SNAP mixing. The latter returns He reflection coefficients which (for the first time) match experimental observations up to an He incident energy of 80 eV - demonstrating the benefits of deploying state-of-the-art models on large, realistic systems.
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