arXiv:2502.19217cs.CVcs.AI2025-02被引 1

轻量模型提升病理切片细胞分割分类,性能更强且易集成。

A Lightweight and Extensible Cell Segmentation and Classification Model for Whole Slide Images

  • 用交叉重标注优化数据,统一七类细胞标注
  • 基于H-Optimus模型提升分割分类效果,$R^2$达0.871
  • 模型压缩48倍仍保持性能,可直接接入QuPath

数字病理中细胞级分析工具的临床应用仍面临数据粒度不足、标注不一致、计算负担重及技术集成难等问题。为此,我们提出一种轻量、可扩展的细胞分割与分类模型。首先,通过交叉重标注改进PanNuke和MoNuSAC数据集,生成包含七类细胞的统一标注数据。其次,采用H-Optimus基础模型作为固定编码器,提升分割与分类任务的特征表示能力。第三,为缓解基础模型的计算压力,采用知识蒸馏技术压缩模型,参数量减少48倍,性能基本保持。最后,将压缩后的模型集成至QuPath开源平台。结果表明,相比传统CNN模型,该方法在分割与分类上表现更优:平均$R^2$从0.575提升至0.871,平均$PQ$从0.450增至0.492,表明细胞计数对齐度更高、分割质量更好。模型压缩后性能相当,显著降低计算复杂度,便于实际工作流程集成,有望减轻病理科负担并改善诊断效果。尽管前景良好,仍需广泛验证方可用于临床。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Developing clinically useful cell-level analysis tools in digital pathology remains challenging due to limitations in dataset granularity, inconsistent annotations, high computational demands, and difficulties integrating new technologies into workflows. To address these issues, we propose a solution that enhances data quality, model performance, and usability by creating a lightweight, extensible cell segmentation and classification model. First, we update data labels through cross-relabeling to refine annotations of PanNuke and MoNuSAC, producing a unified dataset with seven distinct cell types. Second, we leverage the H-Optimus foundation model as a fixed encoder to improve feature representation for simultaneous segmentation and classification tasks. Third, to address foundation models' computational demands, we distill knowledge to reduce model size and complexity while maintaining comparable performance. Finally, we integrate the distilled model into QuPath, a widely used open-source digital pathology platform. Results demonstrate improved segmentation and classification performance using the H-Optimus-based model compared to a CNN-based model. Specifically, average $R^2$ improved from 0.575 to 0.871, and average $PQ$ score improved from 0.450 to 0.492, indicating better alignment with actual cell counts and enhanced segmentation quality. The distilled model maintains comparable performance while reducing parameter count by a factor of 48. By reducing computational complexity and integrating into workflows, this approach may significantly impact diagnostics, reduce pathologist workload, and improve outcomes. Although the method shows promise, extensive validation is necessary prior to clinical deployment.

细胞分割数字病理轻量模型QuPath

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