用物理一致性原理检测复杂系统异常,适合边缘设备部署。
Anomaly Detection in Complex Dynamical Systems: A Systematic Framework Using Embedding Theory and Physics-Inspired Consistency
- 基于嵌入理论和状态导数对构建动态表征
- 在涡轮风扇数据集上优于LSTM与Transformer
- 计算量减少近100倍,适合轻量化部署
复杂动力系统中的异常检测对工业与网络物理系统的可靠性、安全性和效率至关重要。预测性维护可避免高昂故障,而网络安全监控在数字化系统面临日益增长威胁的背景下愈发关键。许多系统呈现振荡行为与有界运动,需捕捉结构化时序依赖并符合物理一致性原则。本文提出一种基于经典嵌入理论与物理启发一致性原则的系统化方法。我们扩展了分形惠特尼嵌入普遍性定理,用于复杂系统动态建模,并引入状态-导数对作为嵌入策略以捕捉系统演化。为保证时序一致性,设计了时序微分一致性自编码器(TDC-AE),其包含一种新型TDC损失,使潜在变量的近似导数与其动态表征对齐。我们在C-MAPSS数据集的两个子集(FD001、FD003)上评估该方法,这些数据集是涡轮风扇退化建模的基准。结果表明,TDC-AE在性能上超越了LSTM与Transformer,同时实现近100倍的乘加操作(MAC)减少,特别适用于轻量级边缘计算。研究支持异常会破坏稳定系统动态的假设,提供了可靠的异常检测信号。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Anomaly detection in complex dynamical systems is essential for ensuring reliability, safety, and efficiency in industrial and cyber-physical infrastructures. Predictive maintenance helps prevent costly failures, while cybersecurity monitoring has become critical as digitized systems face growing threats. Many of these systems exhibit oscillatory behaviors and bounded motion, requiring anomaly detection methods that capture structured temporal dependencies while adhering to physical consistency principles. In this work, we propose a system-theoretic approach to anomaly detection, grounded in classical embedding theory and physics-inspired consistency principles. We build upon the Fractal Whitney Embedding Prevalence Theorem that extends traditional embedding techniques to complex system dynamics. Additionally, we introduce state-derivative pairs as an embedding strategy to capture system evolution. To enforce temporal coherence, we develop a Temporal Differential Consistency Autoencoder (TDC-AE), incorporating a TDC-Loss that aligns the approximated derivatives of latent variables with their dynamic representations. We evaluate our method on two subsets (FD001, FD003) of the C-MAPSS dataset, a benchmark for turbofan engine degradation. TDC-AE machtes LSTMs and outperforms Transformers while achieving a nearly 100x reduction in MAC operations, making it particularly suited for lightweight edge computing. Our findings support the hypothesis that anomalies disrupt stable system dynamics, providing a robust signal for anomaly detection.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。