arXiv:2502.19726cs.LGcs.CL2025-02ACL被引 17

通过分阶段训练保护模型隐私,提升语言模型性能。

Tokens for Learning, Tokens for Unlearning: Mitigating Membership Inference Attacks in Large Language Models via Dual-Purpose Training

  • 区分难学与记忆性词汇,分别优化学习与遗忘。
  • 在多个模型上实现10%的性能提升并有效防御隐私攻击。
  • 轻量级方案适合实际部署,兼顾效果与效率。

大型语言模型(LLMs)已成为现代自然语言处理的核心,但其存在泄露敏感训练数据的隐私风险。成员推断攻击(MIAs)可判断某样本是否属于训练数据,构成更广泛隐私威胁的基础。现有针对传统分类模型的防御方法未考虑文本数据的序列特性,要么计算开销大,要么无法有效缓解LLMs的隐私风险。本文提出 methodname,一种基于标记特性的轻量级、有效的经验性隐私防御机制。通过分析训练过程中的标记动态,我们设计了一种标记选择策略,将标记分为用于学习的困难标记和用于遗忘的记忆标记。随后,训练阶段的防御优化了一种新型双目标标记级损失,实现性能与隐私之间的帕累托最优平衡。大量实验表明,该方法不仅显著提升了对MIAs的防护能力,还在多种LLM架构与数据集上相比基线提升了约10%的语言建模性能。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large language models (LLMs) have become the backbone of modern natural language processing but pose privacy concerns about leaking sensitive training data. Membership inference attacks (MIAs), which aim to infer whether a sample is included in a model's training dataset, can serve as a foundation for broader privacy threats. Existing defenses designed for traditional classification models do not account for the sequential nature of text data. As a result, they either require significant computational resources or fail to effectively mitigate privacy risks in LLMs. In this work, we propose \methodname, a lightweight yet effective empirical privacy defense for protecting training data of language models by leveraging token-specific characteristics. By analyzing token dynamics during training, we propose a token selection strategy that categorizes tokens into hard tokens for learning and memorized tokens for unlearning. Subsequently, our training-phase defense optimizes a novel dual-purpose token-level loss to achieve a Pareto-optimal balance between utility and privacy. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach not only provides strong protection against MIAs but also improves language modeling performance by around 10\% across various LLM architectures and datasets compared to the baselines.

隐私保护语言模型成员推断训练优化

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