arXiv:2502.19824astro-ph.GAcs.LG2025-02

用共享隐空间生成类星体光谱与物理属性,支持缺失数据建模。

Shared Stochastic Gaussian Process Latent Variable Models: A Multi-modal Generative Model for Quasar Spectra

  • 共享隐空间驱动多模态高斯过程解码器,统一生成光谱与物理参数。
  • 在测试时实现高质量光谱与属性重建,支持部分观测数据缺失场景。
  • 适合天体物理中多源异构数据联合建模,推动生成式数据分析。

本文提出一种基于高斯过程的可扩展概率潜在变量模型,适用于多个观测空间。聚焦天体物理应用,数据包含类星体的光谱特征及其物理属性(如中心超大质量黑洞质量、吸积率、亮度),构成多观测空间。单个数据点由不同类别的观测表征,每类具有不同似然。模型在Lalchand等(2022)提出的随机变分高斯过程潜在变量模型(GPLVM)基础上扩展,构建一个无缝生成框架:通过共享隐空间输入至不同高斯过程解码器(每类观测空间一个),可同时生成光谱与科学标签。该框架还支持缺失数据训练,即每个数据点的部分维度未知或未观测。实验表明,在测试推断中能实现高保真光谱与科学标签重建,并简要讨论结果的科学意义,凸显此类生成模型的重要性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

This work proposes a scalable probabilistic latent variable model based on Gaussian processes (Lawrence, 2004) in the context of multiple observation spaces. We focus on an application in astrophysics where data sets typically contain both observed spectral features and scientific properties of astrophysical objects such as galaxies or exoplanets. In our application, we study the spectra of very luminous galaxies known as quasars, along with their properties, such as the mass of their central supermassive black hole, accretion rate, and luminosity-resulting in multiple observation spaces. A single data point is then characterized by different classes of observations, each with different likelihoods. Our proposed model extends the baseline stochastic variational Gaussian process latent variable model (GPLVM) introduced by Lalchand et al. (2022) to this setting, proposing a seamless generative model where the quasar spectra and scientific labels can be generated simultaneously using a shared latent space as input to different sets of Gaussian process decoders, one for each observation space. Additionally, this framework enables training in a missing data setting where a large number of dimensions per data point may be unknown or unobserved. We demonstrate high-fidelity reconstructions of the spectra and scientific labels during test-time inference and briefly discuss the scientific interpretations of the results, along with the significance of such a generative model.

生成模型高斯过程多模态天体物理

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