arXiv:2502.20268cs.LGcs.AI2025-02被引 1

用大模型的特征解释指导小模型训练,提升少样本学习效果。

Large Language Models as Attribution Regularizers for Efficient Model Training

  • 通过匹配大模型的全局特征重要性,正则化小模型训练过程。
  • 在少样本场景下显著提升性能,且仅需黑盒API调用。
  • 适合数据有限或有偏的现实场景,增强模型泛化能力。

大语言模型(LLMs)在多个领域展现出卓越性能,但如何有效利用其海量知识来训练更小的下游模型仍是开放挑战,尤其是在表格数据学习等注重可解释性和效率的领域。本文提出一种新颖而简洁的方法,将LLM生成的全局任务特征归因融入小模型的训练过程。具体而言,我们引入了一种归因匹配正则化项,使小模型的训练动态与LLM提供的洞察保持一致。该方法在少样本学习场景中表现优异,且仅需对LLM进行黑盒API访问,集成成本低、计算开销小。此外,我们展示了该方法如何解决真实数据集中的偏差和分布偏斜问题。通过整合LLM的高层知识,该方法在数据有限或不平衡的情况下仍能提升模型泛化能力。我们在多个任务上进行了广泛实验,验证了其在学习效率和模型鲁棒性上的优势。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across diverse domains. However, effectively leveraging their vast knowledge for training smaller downstream models remains an open challenge, especially in domains like tabular data learning, where simpler models are often preferred due to interpretability and efficiency. In this paper, we introduce a novel yet straightforward method for incorporating LLM-generated global task feature attributions into the training process of smaller networks. Specifically, we propose an attribution-matching regularization term that aligns the training dynamics of the smaller model with the insights provided by the LLM. By doing so, our approach yields superior performance in few-shot learning scenarios. Notably, our method requires only black-box API access to the LLM, making it easy to integrate into existing training pipelines with minimal computational overhead. Furthermore, we demonstrate how this method can be used to address common issues in real-world datasets, such as skewness and bias. By integrating high-level knowledge from LLMs, our approach improves generalization, even when training data is limited or imbalanced. We validate its effectiveness through extensive experiments across multiple tasks, demonstrating improved learning efficiency and model robustness.

大模型少样本学习特征归因正则化

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