arXiv:2502.20286stat.MLcs.LG2025-02

同时处理多源多维数据,自动识别共享与独有模式。

Multiple Linked Tensor Factorization

  • 基于带正则的CP分解,实现多张量联合降维
  • 能准确逼近潜在信号并识别共享/独立成分
  • 适合多组学数据、缺铁等复杂生物系统研究

在生物医学等领域的高通量数据中,多源多维数据(即来自不同技术、多维度采集的张量阵列)日益常见。现有方法难以同时处理多源与多维特性。本文提出多重关联张量分解(MULTIFAC),将CP分解扩展至多个相关张量,通过引入L2正则项实现因子秩稀疏化,自动识别跨数据源的共享成分及各源特有的独立成分。算法进一步发展为期望最大化(EM)版本,可对不完整数据进行缺失值补全。大量模拟实验验证了MULTIFAC在信号逼近、结构识别与缺失值填补三方面的有效性。该方法成功应用于早期铁缺乏的多组学数据,获得可解释的分解结果。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

In biomedical research and other fields, it is now common to generate high content data that are both multi-source and multi-way. Multi-source data are collected from different high-throughput technologies while multi-way data are collected over multiple dimensions, yielding multiple tensor arrays. Integrative analysis of these data sets is needed, e.g., to capture and synthesize different facets of complex biological systems. However, despite growing interest in multi-source and multi-way factorization techniques, methods that can handle data that are both multi-source and multi-way are limited. In this work, we propose a Multiple Linked Tensors Factorization (MULTIFAC) method extending the CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP) decomposition to simultaneously reduce the dimension of multiple multi-way arrays and approximate underlying signal. We first introduce a version of the CP factorization with L2 penalties on the latent factors, leading to rank sparsity. When extended to multiple linked tensors, the method automatically reveals latent components that are shared across data sources or individual to each data source. We also extend the decomposition algorithm to its expectation-maximization (EM) version to handle incomplete data with imputation. Extensive simulation studies are conducted to demonstrate MULTIFAC's ability to (i) approximate underlying signal, (ii) identify shared and unshared structures, and (iii) impute missing data. The approach yields an interpretable decomposition on multi-way multi-omics data for a study on early-life iron deficiency.

张量分解多组学数据融合生物信息

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