arXiv:2502.21055quant-phcs.LG2025-02被引 1

用Transformer模型自动识别量子态是否纠缠,准确率接近完美。

Quantum-aware Transformer model for state classification

  • 用掩码自监督预训练,让Transformer学习量子态密度矩阵的结构特征。
  • 在多种双量子比特态上实现近乎完美的纠缠分类准确率。
  • 适合对量子机器学习感兴趣的科研人员,尤其关注纠缠检测方向。

纠缠是量子力学的基本特征,在量子信息处理中起关键作用。然而,特别是在混合态情况下,随着系统维度增加,纠缠态的分类仍极具挑战性。本文聚焦于双量子比特态,提出一种基于Transformer神经网络的数据驱动纠缠分类方法。数据集包含纯可分态、Werner纠缠态、一般纠缠态和最大纠缠态。通过向量化量子态的厄米矩阵并进行元素掩码,模型以无监督方式预训练,从而学习密度矩阵的结构性质。该方法使模型能跨不同态类泛化纠缠特征。训练完成后,模型达到近乎完美的分类准确率,有效区分可分与纠缠态。相比以往机器学习方法,本工作成功将Transformer应用于量子态分析,展示了其系统识别双量子比特纠缠的能力。结果表明,现代机器学习技术有望自动化纠缠检测与分类,弥合量子信息理论与人工智能之间的差距。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Entanglement is a fundamental feature of quantum mechanics, playing a crucial role in quantum information processing. However, classifying entangled states, particularly in the mixed-state regime, remains a challenging problem, especially as system dimensions increase. In this work, we focus on bipartite quantum states and present a data-driven approach to entanglement classification using transformer-based neural networks. Our dataset consists of a diverse set of bipartite states, including pure separable states, Werner entangled states, general entangled states, and maximally entangled states. We pretrain the transformer in an unsupervised fashion by masking elements of vectorized Hermitian matrix representations of quantum states, allowing the model to learn structural properties of quantum density matrices. This approach enables the model to generalize entanglement characteristics across different classes of states. Once trained, our method achieves near-perfect classification accuracy, effectively distinguishing between separable and entangled states. Compared to previous Machine Learning, our method successfully adapts transformers for quantum state analysis, demonstrating their ability to systematically identify entanglement in bipartite systems. These results highlight the potential of modern machine learning techniques in automating entanglement detection and classification, bridging the gap between quantum information theory and artificial intelligence.

量子机器学习Transformer纠缠检测

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