arXiv:2502.21134cs.ROcs.AI2025-02

用局部数据动态增强驾驶规划,让大车更灵活安全。

Dynamically Local-Enhancement Planner for Large-Scale Autonomous Driving

  • 基于位置变化的马尔可夫决策过程+图神经网络提取区域特征
  • 碰撞率更低,平均奖励更高,模型规模几乎不变
  • 适合需要快速适应新路段的大规模自动驾驶系统

当前自动驾驶车辆多局限于小范围运行,但对更大范围应用的需求日益增长。随着模型规模扩大,其在应对新场景时的能力受限,单个整体模型难以有效提升。为此,我们提出动态局部增强(DLE)规划器,通过局部驾驶数据临时增强基础规划器,不永久修改模型本身。该方法采用位置相关的马尔可夫决策过程,并结合图神经网络从本地观测数据中提取区域特异性驾驶特征,描述周围物体的局部行为,进而优化基于强化学习的策略。我们在多个场景下评估该方法,与全场景统一模型对比,结果表明:本方法在安全性(碰撞率)和平均奖励上均优于基线,同时保持轻量化。该方案有助于大规模自动驾驶系统在不显著增加车载模型规模的前提下实现可扩展性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Current autonomous vehicles operate primarily within limited regions, but there is increasing demand for broader applications. However, as models scale, their limited capacity becomes a significant challenge for adapting to novel scenarios. It is increasingly difficult to improve models for new situations using a single monolithic model. To address this issue, we introduce the concept of dynamically enhancing a basic driving planner with local driving data, without permanently modifying the planner itself. This approach, termed the Dynamically Local-Enhancement (DLE) Planner, aims to improve the scalability of autonomous driving systems without significantly expanding the planner's size. Our approach introduces a position-varying Markov Decision Process formulation coupled with a graph neural network that extracts region-specific driving features from local observation data. The learned features describe the local behavior of the surrounding objects, which is then leveraged to enhance a basic reinforcement learning-based policy. We evaluated our approach in multiple scenarios and compared it with a one-for-all driving model. The results show that our method outperforms the baseline policy in both safety (collision rate) and average reward, while maintaining a lighter scale. This approach has the potential to benefit large-scale autonomous vehicles without the need for largely expanding on-device driving models.

自动驾驶强化学习动态增强

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