多机器人5G协同,用4D雷达实现遮挡物高精度实时三维建图。
CRADMap: Applied Distributed Volumetric Mapping with 5G-Connected Multi-Robots and 4D Radar Perception
- 5G连接多机器人,云端聚合稠密关键帧重建3D场景。
- 在复杂环境下实现遮挡金属物体的实时检测与建图。
- 适合工业巡检、救援等需穿透遮挡物感知的场景。
稀疏特征式SLAM方法虽能稳定估计相机位姿,但难以满足巡检与场景感知所需的细节要求。而稠密SLAM虽能生成更丰富的场景重建,却带来过高的计算负担。本文提出新型分布式体素建图框架CRADMap,通过在后端扩展SOTA的ORBSLAM3系统并集成COVINS进行全局优化,实现高效建图。系统利用5G将多个自主移动机器人(AMRs)的稠密关键帧上传至中心服务器,融合几何与占据信息,使每台机器人可独立执行建图任务,而后台实时构建高保真3D地图。为突破视觉传感器的可见范围限制,我们设计了一套独立运行的4D毫米波雷达模块,无需与SLAM融合即可实现遮挡区域中金属物体的检测与建图,显著提升巡检场景下的态势感知能力。实验验证了该框架的有效性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Sparse and feature SLAM methods provide robust camera pose estimation. However, they often fail to capture the level of detail required for inspection and scene awareness tasks. Conversely, dense SLAM approaches generate richer scene reconstructions but impose a prohibitive computational load to create 3D maps. We present a novel distributed volumetric mapping framework designated as CRADMap that addresses these issues by extending the state-of-the-art (SOTA) ORBSLAM3 system with the COVINS on the backend for global optimization. Our pipeline for volumetric reconstruction fuses dense keyframes at a centralized server via 5G connectivity, aggregating geometry, and occupancy information from multiple autonomous mobile robots (AMRs) without overtaxing onboard resources. This enables each AMR to independently perform mapping while the backend constructs high-fidelity real-time 3D maps. To operate Beyond the Visible (BtV) and overcome the limitations of standard visual sensors, we automated a standalone 4D mmWave radar module that functions independently without sensor fusion with SLAM. The BtV system enables the detection and mapping of occluded metallic objects in cluttered environments, enhancing situational awareness in inspection scenarios. Experimental validation in Section~\ref{sec:IV} demonstrates the effectiveness of our framework.
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