用心理模型让机器学会灵活关联符号,像人一样理解语言关系。
Modeling Arbitrarily Applicable Relational Responding with the Non-Axiomatic Reasoning System: A Machine Psychology Approach
- 结合行为心理学与自适应推理系统,构建可学习关系的AI框架。
- 在两个模拟实验中,系统成功推导出未训练过的关联关系。
- 适合对通用人工智能和认知建模感兴趣的学者与工程师。
任意适用的关系反应(AARR)是人类语言与推理的核心,指个体能够以灵活、情境依赖的方式关联符号。本文提出一种基于非公理化推理系统(NARS)的人工智能理论方法,用于建模AARR。NARS是一种在不确定性下具备学习能力的自适应推理系统。通过将关系框架理论(行为心理学对AARR的解释)与NARS的推理机制相结合,我们概念性地展示了AARR的关键特性——互推、组合推演及刺激功能的转化——如何从NARS的推理规则与记忆结构中自然涌现。两个理论实验分别模拟了刺激等价与功能转移,以及包含对立关系的复杂网络。结果表明,系统能逻辑推导出未训练的关系,并实现情境敏感的刺激意义转换,复现了人类认知中的典型现象。这些发现表明,长期被认为仅限于人类的AARR,可通过合理设计的AI系统进行概念性捕捉,凸显将行为科学洞见融入通用人工智能研究的价值。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Arbitrarily Applicable Relational Responding (AARR) is a cornerstone of human language and reasoning, referring to the learned ability to relate symbols in flexible, context-dependent ways. In this paper, we present a novel theoretical approach for modeling AARR within an artificial intelligence framework using the Non-Axiomatic Reasoning System (NARS). NARS is an adaptive reasoning system designed for learning under uncertainty. By integrating principles from Relational Frame Theory - the behavioral psychology account of AARR - with the reasoning mechanisms of NARS, we conceptually demonstrate how key properties of AARR (mutual entailment, combinatorial entailment, and transformation of stimulus functions) can emerge from the inference rules and memory structures of NARS. Two theoretical experiments illustrate this approach: one modeling stimulus equivalence and transfer of function, and another modeling complex relational networks involving opposition frames. In both cases, the system logically demonstrates the derivation of untrained relations and context-sensitive transformations of stimulus significance, mirroring established human cognitive phenomena. These results suggest that AARR - long considered uniquely human - can be conceptually captured by suitably designed AI systems, highlighting the value of integrating behavioral science insights into artificial general intelligence (AGI) research.
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