让自动驾驶模仿学习更可靠:用双头模型同时预测动作和信心,自动修正不确定决策。
CARIL: Confidence-Aware Regression in Imitation Learning for Autonomous Driving
- 双头网络:回归头输出连续驾驶指令,分类头评估预测置信度。
- 在CARLA仿真中使车道偏离减少50%,轨迹精度显著提升。
- 适合追求高可靠性自动驾驶系统的研发人员参考。
端到端视觉模仿学习在自动驾驶中通过直接从专家示范中学习控制指令展现出良好效果。然而,传统方法要么使用回归模型(精确但无置信度估计),要么使用分类模型(有置信度但因离散化降低精度),难以量化预测动作的可靠性并及时修正。本文提出一种双头神经网络架构,融合回归与分类头,回归头生成连续驾驶动作,分类头估计置信度,实现低置信场景下的动作修正,提升驾驶稳定性。我们在CARLA模拟器的闭环环境中评估该方法,结果表明其能有效检测不确定动作、估计置信度并实时修正。实验显示,该方法将车道偏离降低50%,轨迹准确率显著优于纯回归模型。研究验证了分类引导置信度估计在提升视觉模仿学习鲁棒性方面的潜力。代码已开源:https://github.com/ElaheDlv/Confidence_Aware_IL。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
End-to-end vision-based imitation learning has demonstrated promising results in autonomous driving by learning control commands directly from expert demonstrations. However, traditional approaches rely on either regressionbased models, which provide precise control but lack confidence estimation, or classification-based models, which offer confidence scores but suffer from reduced precision due to discretization. This limitation makes it challenging to quantify the reliability of predicted actions and apply corrections when necessary. In this work, we introduce a dual-head neural network architecture that integrates both regression and classification heads to improve decision reliability in imitation learning. The regression head predicts continuous driving actions, while the classification head estimates confidence, enabling a correction mechanism that adjusts actions in low-confidence scenarios, enhancing driving stability. We evaluate our approach in a closed-loop setting within the CARLA simulator, demonstrating its ability to detect uncertain actions, estimate confidence, and apply real-time corrections. Experimental results show that our method reduces lane deviation and improves trajectory accuracy by up to 50%, outperforming conventional regression-only models. These findings highlight the potential of classification-guided confidence estimation in enhancing the robustness of vision-based imitation learning for autonomous driving. The source code is available at https://github.com/ElaheDlv/Confidence_Aware_IL.
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