用空间基因表达指导扩散模型,生成万亿级小鼠脑三维虚拟模型。
Tera-MIND: Tera-scale mouse brain simulation via spatial mRNA-guided diffusion
- 基于空间基因表达数据,采用分块边界感知扩散模型生成三维脑结构。
- 实现万亿体素尺度的全脑模拟,还原细胞形态细节并揭示关键神经通路的空间互作。
- 可迁移至人类脑样本,适用于脑图谱构建与疾病机制研究。
全面的分子定义脑结构三维建模对理解复杂脑功能至关重要。借助新兴组织谱型技术,研究人员已绘制出哺乳动物脑部在亚细胞分辨率下的空间转录组图谱。然而,这些万亿级体积图谱给在原生空间背景下建模复杂脑结构带来了计算挑战。我们提出一种新型生成框架 Tera-MIND,利用基于分块和边界感知的扩散模型,通过空间基因表达作为条件输入,在三维中生成具有完整细胞形态细节的万亿级小鼠脑虚拟模型。通过三维基因-基因自注意力机制,我们识别出谷氨酸能和多巴胺能神经元系统等关键转录通路的空间分子互作关系。最后,我们展示了 Tera-MIND 在此前未见的人类脑样本上的转化应用潜力。该方法为全虚拟生物的高效生成建模提供了可能,推动了生物医学研究中的整合应用。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Holistic 3D modeling of molecularly defined brain structures is crucial for understanding complex brain functions. Using emerging tissue profiling technologies, researchers charted comprehensive atlases of mammalian brain with sub-cellular resolution and spatially resolved transcriptomic data. However, these tera-scale volumetric atlases pose computational challenges for modeling intricate brain structures within the native spatial context. We propose \textbf{Tera-MIND}, a novel generative framework capable of simulating \textbf{Tera}-scale \textbf{M}ouse bra\textbf{IN}s in 3D using a patch-based and boundary-aware \textbf{D}iffusion model. Taking spatial gene expression as conditional input, we generate virtual mouse brains with comprehensive cellular morphological detail at teravoxel scale. Through the lens of 3D \textit{gene}-\textit{gene} self-attention, we identify spatial molecular interactions for key transcriptomic pathways, including glutamatergic and dopaminergic neuronal systems. Lastly, we showcase the translational applicability of Tera-MIND on previously unseen human brain samples. Tera-MIND offers an efficient generative modeling of whole virtual organisms, paving the way for integrative applications in biomedical research. Project website: https://musikisomorphie.github.io/Tera-MIND.html
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