用大模型优化地图路径,让机器人走更省钱的路。
LLM-Advisor: An LLM Advisor for Cost-efficient Path Planning across Multiple Terrains
- 用大模型结合地形语义,动态生成比原路线更便宜的新路径。
- 在2000张地图上测试,易难场景分别提升52%和45%的路径优化率。
- 保证新路径可行且更优,适合自动驾驶与机器人导航应用。
本文针对固定图结构的地形感知路径优化问题,提出外部验证引导的多模态精炼框架LLM-Advisor。该框架利用语义地形信息生成成本更低的替代路径,结合多模态提示、地图无关参考样例增强(REA)及确定性验证与回退机制:仅当新路径可行且严格优于基线时才部署。为评估方法,构建了包含2000张地图的MultiTerraPath基准,分易/难子集,并在RUGD上进行语义-成本迁移测试。以步长r=50的粗粒度A*为基线,对比直接大模型规划与LLM-A*,LLM-Advisor(GPT-5.5)在MultiTerraPath上实现最高FIR,使易/难场景分别有52.00%和45.00%的地图得到优化。确定性验证与回退机制在所有RUGD场景组中实现100.00%的NDR与最终有效性。离线全量分析显示,当步长r=100时,粗网格带来的差距更大,而LLM-Advisor可恢复易/难地图中高达49.16%与29.98%的潜在优化空间。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This paper addresses fixed-graph terrain-aware path refinement, in which a global planner is restricted to a predefined route space and may remain optimal within that space while missing lower-cost terrain corridors available in the native-resolution map. We propose LLM-Advisor, an external verification-guided multimodal refinement framework that uses semantic terrain context to propose route alternatives with lower cost than the baseline route. The framework combines a multimodal prompt, map-disjoint Reference Example Augmentation (REA), and deterministic validation with fallback: a proposed route is deployed only when it is feasible and strictly lower in cost than the baseline. To evaluate the method, we introduce MultiTerraPath, a controlled 2,000-map benchmark with Easy and Hard subsets for fixed-graph terrain-cost refinement, and further conduct a semantic-cost transfer evaluation on RUGD. Using coarse-lattice A* with stride r=50 as the fixed baseline planner, we compare LLM-Advisor with direct LLM planning and LLM-A*. LLM-Advisor with GPT-5.5 achieves the highest FIR on MultiTerraPath, improving 52.00% of Easy maps and 45.00% of Hard maps. Deterministic verification and fallback yield 100.00% NDR and Final Validity across all evaluated RUGD scene groups. Across lattice strides from r=10 to r=100, offline oracle analysis shows that coarser graphs create larger coarse--oracle gaps, while LLM-Advisor recovers up to 49.16% and 29.98% of the available gap on Easy and Hard maps when r=100, respectively.
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