通过优化数据质量,让小模型在特定领域问答任务中表现接近大模型。
Rethinking Data: Towards Better Performing Domain-Specific Small Language Models
- 分阶段提升数据质量:结构化文本、轻量重排序、多模型融合。
- 在多个选择题问答任务中达到高准确率,超越普通小模型。
- 适合资源有限但需高性能领域小模型的场景。
针对下游任务微调大型语言模型(LLM)在特定领域数据上已展现显著潜力,但其大规模部署受高计算成本制约。相比之下,小型语言模型(LM)虽成本低,但性能不足。本文提出一种小模型微调方法,在多项选择题问答任务中实现高精度。通过改进训练全流程中的数据质量实现:首先对数据进行结构化处理,提取紧凑且语义清晰的文本片段供检索器使用,提升模型知识吸收效率;其次训练轻量级块重排序器(CRR),生成更精准的相关性分数,优化召回上下文;最后通过在不同数据子集上微调并融合多个模型,增强模型泛化能力。文中详述各步骤流程,并提供实验证明每项技术的有效性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) for downstream tasks, performed on domain-specific data has shown significant promise. However, commercial use of such LLMs is limited by the high computational cost required for their deployment at scale. On the other hand, small Language Models (LMs) are much more cost effective but have subpar performance in a similar setup. This paper presents our approach to finetuning a small LM, that reaches high accuracy in multiple choice question answering task. We achieve this by improving data quality at each stage of the LM training pipeline. In particular, we start with data structuring resulting in extraction of compact, semantically meaningful text chunks used by a retriever. This allows more efficient knowledge digestion by the LM. Further, we improve the retrieved context by training a lightweight Chunk Re-Ranker (CRR) that generates more accurate relative relevance chunk scores. Finally, we improve the model generalization ability by merging the models fine-tuned with different parameters on different data subsets. We present detailed procedure descriptions, and corresponding experimental findings that show the improvements of each one of the proposed techniques.
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