让四足机械臂通过推物避障,提升狭窄空间通行效率。
Interactive Navigation for Legged Manipulators with Learned Arm-Pushing Controller
- 用强化学习训练机械臂分两阶段推动物体:先定位接触区,再稳推防倾倒。
- 仿真中策略收敛更快,真实实验路径缩短32%,耗时减少27%。
- 适合需在狭小空间自主移动的四足机器人任务,如灾后搜救。
交互式导航在主动与物体互动可缩短路径的场景中至关重要,显著提升移动效率。现有方法多依赖机器人本体移动大型障碍物(尺寸可达机器人级别),但在狭窄或受限空间中因机器人自身尺寸限制而失效。本文提出一种面向四足机械臂的新型交互导航框架,引入主动臂推机制,使机器人可在空间受限环境中重新定位可移动障碍物。为此,设计了一种基于强化学习的臂推控制器,采用双阶段奖励策略实现大物件操作:第一阶段引导机械臂至指定推击区域,实现运动学可行的接触构型;第二阶段则引导末端执行器在合适接触点保持位置,确保物体稳定位移并防止倾覆。仿真验证了该控制器的鲁棒性,表明双阶段奖励策略提升了策略收敛速度与长期性能。真实世界实验进一步证明所提导航框架的有效性,实现了更短路径与更低遍历时间。开源项目地址:https://github.com/Zhihaibi/Interactive-Navigation-for-legged-manipulator.git。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Interactive navigation is crucial in scenarios where proactively interacting with objects can yield shorter paths, thus significantly improving traversal efficiency. Existing methods primarily focus on using the robot body to relocate large obstacles (which could be comparable to the size of a robot). However, they prove ineffective in narrow or constrained spaces where the robot's dimensions restrict its manipulation capabilities. This paper introduces a novel interactive navigation framework for legged manipulators, featuring an active arm-pushing mechanism that enables the robot to reposition movable obstacles in space-constrained environments. To this end, we develop a reinforcement learning-based arm-pushing controller with a two-stage reward strategy for large-object manipulation. Specifically, this strategy first directs the manipulator to a designated pushing zone to achieve a kinematically feasible contact configuration. Then, the end effector is guided to maintain its position at appropriate contact points for stable object displacement while preventing toppling. The simulations validate the robustness of the arm-pushing controller, showing that the two-stage reward strategy improves policy convergence and long-term performance. Real-world experiments further demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed navigation framework, which achieves shorter paths and reduced traversal time. The open-source project can be found at https://github.com/Zhihaibi/Interactive-Navigation-for-legged-manipulator.git.
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