从智能家居数据中自动发现个人日常行为模式,助力长期健康监测。
DISCOVER: Identifying Patterns of Daily Living in Human Activities from Smart Home Data
- 通过自监督学习提取传感器特征,聚类生成个性化日常行为序列。
- 仅用0.01%标注数据即达到与全监督模型相当的分类效果。
- 适合关注长期行为变化、早期认知衰退预警的研究者使用。
配备环境传感器的智能家居为持续健康监测和辅助生活提供了新范式。传统研究多聚焦于人类活动识别(HAR),依赖将传感器数据映射到预定义的封闭活动标签集,但固定粒度标签难以捕捉家庭特有的细微习惯,不利于长期健康追踪。为此,我们提出DISCOVER框架,用于发现并标注‘日常行为模式’(PDL)——由居民独特作息自然衍生的细粒度、重复性传感器事件序列。DISCOVER采用自监督特征提取与表征感知聚类流程,并配备定制可视化界面,使专家可低负担地解释和标注模式。在多个智能家居环境中的评估表明,DISCOVER能识别出高内聚性行为集群,且人与人之间标注一致性高;同时仅需0.01%标签即可实现与全监督基线相当的分类性能。该方法显著降低标注成本,为纵向分析奠定基础。通过基于个体环境的建模而非刚性语义类别,系统可捕捉个体内在习惯演变,未来有望用于识别早期认知衰退的微妙行为信号。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Smart homes equipped with ambient sensors offer a transformative approach to continuous health monitoring and assisted living. Traditional research in this domain primarily focuses on Human Activity Recognition (HAR), which relies on mapping sensor data to a closed set of predefined activity labels. However, the fixed granularity of these labels often constrains their practical utility, failing to capture the subtle, household-specific nuances essential, for example, for tracking individual health over time. To address this, we propose DISCOVER, a framework for discovering and annotating Patterns of Daily Living (PDL) - fine-grained, recurring sequences of sensor events that emerge directly from a resident's unique routines. DISCOVER utilizes a self-supervised feature extraction and representation-aware clustering pipeline, supported by a custom visualization interface that enables experts to interpret and label discovered patterns with minimal effort. Our evaluation across multiple smart-home environments demonstrates that DISCOVER identifies cohesive behavioral clusters with high inter-rater agreement while achieving classification performance comparable to fully-supervised baselines using only 0.01% of the labels. Beyond reducing annotation overhead, DISCOVER establishes a foundation for longitudinal analysis. By grounding behavior in a resident's specific environment rather than rigid semantic categories, our framework facilitates the observation of within-person habitual drift. This capability positions the system as a potential tool for identifying subtle behavioral indicators associated with early-stage cognitive decline in future longitudinal studies.
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