arXiv:2503.01871cs.LGcs.AI2025-03AAAI

通过分割游戏与机器人轨迹,用少量标注数据提升指令跟随策略性能。

Data Augmentation for Instruction Following Policies via Trajectory Segmentation

  • 提出概率模型Play Segmentation,从无标注轨迹中自动提取指令相关片段。
  • 在游戏和机械臂任务中,使用分割片段使性能达到双倍标注数据训练的效果。
  • 适合数据稀缺场景下的强化学习与机器人指令理解研究者。

可指令控制的机器人或游戏智能体的可扩展性常受限于指令与智能体轨迹配对的数据不足。然而,大量未标注的轨迹数据(如游戏游玩轨迹)通常存在。在半监督设置下,我们探索从游玩轨迹中提取带标签片段的方法,以扩充小规模标注数据集,从而提升下游模仿学习中指令跟随策略的性能。假设片段长度变化小,现有视频分割方法可有效提取标签片段。为克服片段长度限制,我们提出Play Segmentation(PS),一种仅需个体指令片段训练的的概率模型,能寻找长子段的最大可能分割。在游戏环境和模拟机械臂抓取任务中的实验表明,分割至关重要:随机采样片段会降低性能,而使用PS提取的标签片段可使策略性能达到使用两倍标注数据训练的水平。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The scalability of instructable agents in robotics or gaming is often hindered by limited data that pairs instructions with agent trajectories. However, large datasets of unannotated trajectories containing sequences of various agent behaviour (play trajectories) are often available. In a semi-supervised setup, we explore methods to extract labelled segments from play trajectories. The goal is to augment a small annotated dataset of instruction-trajectory pairs to improve the performance of an instruction-following policy trained downstream via imitation learning. Assuming little variation in segment length, recent video segmentation methods can effectively extract labelled segments. To address the constraint of segment length, we propose Play Segmentation (PS), a probabilistic model that finds maximum likely segmentations of extended subsegments, while only being trained on individual instruction segments. Our results in a game environment and a simulated robotic gripper setting underscore the importance of segmentation; randomly sampled segments diminish performance, while incorporating labelled segments from PS improves policy performance to the level of a policy trained on twice the amount of labelled data.

指令跟随数据增强轨迹分割模仿学习

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