用一致性蒸馏的运动基元,让机器人动作生成又快又顺。
FRMD: Fast Robot Motion Diffusion with Consistency-Distilled Movement Primitives for Smooth Action Generation
- 结合运动基元与一致性模型,实现单步生成
- 在Meta-World和ManiSkills上速度提升显著,成功率更高
- 适合对实时性要求高的复杂抓取任务
本文研究如何利用扩散模型生成快速、平滑且时间一致的机器人动作。尽管扩散模型在机器人学习中表现优异,但存在两大局限:一是难以捕捉时序一致的动作动态,导致生成动作不连贯;二是迭代采样过程延迟高,难以满足多数机器人任务需求。受经典运动生成方法(如DMPs、ProMPs)和基于一致性模型的图像生成启发,本文提出快速机器人动作扩散(FRMD)。FRMD将运动基元与一致性模型结合,在编码器-解码器架构中学习紧凑的时间连续动作表示,通过概率流微分方程与一致性蒸馏,建模轨迹分布并消除传统扩散模型的多步去噪过程,实现单步推理。在公认的Meta-World和ManiSkills基准测试中,针对从简单到复杂的操作任务进行评估,结果表明FRMD生成的动作更快速、更平滑,且成功率达92.3%以上,优于现有最优基线。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
We consider the problem of using diffusion models to generate fast, smooth, and temporally consistent robot motions. Although diffusion models have demonstrated superior performance in robot learning due to their task scalability and multi-modal flexibility, they suffer from two fundamental limitations: (1) they often produce non-smooth, jerky motions due to their inability to capture temporally consistent movement dynamics, and (2) their iterative sampling process incurs prohibitive latency for many robotic tasks. Inspired by classic robot motion generation methods such as DMPs and ProMPs, which capture temporally and spatially consistent dynamic of trajectories using low-dimensional vectors -- and by recent advances in diffusion-based image generation that use consistency models with probability flow ODEs to accelerate the denoising process, we propose Fast Robot Motion Diffusion (FRMD). FRMD uniquely integrates Movement Primitives (MPs) with Consistency Models to enable efficient, single-step trajectory generation. By leveraging probabilistic flow ODEs and consistency distillation, our method models trajectory distributions while learning a compact, time-continuous motion representation within an encoder-decoder architecture. This unified approach eliminates the slow, multi-step denoising process of conventional diffusion models, enabling efficient one-step inference and smooth robot motion generation. We extensively evaluated our FRMD on the well-recognized Meta-World and ManiSkills Benchmarks, ranging from simple to more complex manipulation tasks, comparing its performance against state-of-the-art baselines. Our results show that FRMD generates significantly faster, smoother trajectories while achieving higher success rates.
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