提出一种带转向旋翼的尾坐式无人机,兼具垂直起降与高速飞行能力。
Design and Control of A Tilt-Rotor Tailsitter Aircraft with Pivoting VTOL Capability
- 融合升降舵与转向旋翼实现多模态控制
- 实测巡航速度达16米/秒,过渡阶段无执行器饱和
- 适合需要垂直起降与高速飞行的复杂任务场景
尾坐式飞行器因其兼具灵活悬停与高速前飞能力而备受关注。传统依赖气动控制面的尾坐式设计在垂直飞行和过渡阶段面临控制效能不足与执行器饱和问题;仅靠转向旋翼的设计则在前飞时滚转控制力矩不足。本文提出一种结合升降舵与转向旋翼的尾坐式无人机,采用基于加权最小二乘的级联增量非线性动态逆(WLS-based cascaded INDI)控制器,在室外实验中成功实现16米/秒巡航速度下的自主航点追踪,过渡过程无执行器饱和。风洞实验表明其滚转控制优于纯旋翼配置,对比飞行测试显示在垂直下降与过渡等关键阶段,控制性能显著优于仅使用升降舵的设计。此外,转向旋翼赋予其独特的旋转起降能力,在风扰下仍保持稳定与鲁棒性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Tailsitter aircraft attract considerable interest due to their capabilities of both agile hover and high speed forward flight. However, traditional tailsitters that use aerodynamic control surfaces face the challenge of limited control effectiveness and associated actuator saturation during vertical flight and transitions. Conversely, tailsitters relying solely on tilting rotors have the drawback of insufficient roll control authority in forward flight. This paper proposes a tilt-rotor tailsitter aircraft with both elevons and tilting rotors as a promising solution. By implementing a cascaded weighted least squares (WLS) based incremental nonlinear dynamic inversion (INDI) controller, the drone successfully achieved autonomous waypoint tracking in outdoor experiments at a cruise airspeed of 16 m/s, including transitions between forward flight and hover without actuator saturation. Wind tunnel experiments confirm improved roll control compared to tilt-rotor-only configurations, while comparative outdoor flight tests highlight the vehicle's superior control over elevon-only designs during critical phases such as vertical descent and transitions. Finally, we also show that the tilt-rotors allow for an autonomous takeoff and landing with a unique pivoting capability that demonstrates stability and robustness under wind disturbances.
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