arXiv:2503.02175cs.CVcs.AI2025-03CVPR被引 176

用多样性筛选视觉令牌,大幅降低大模型推理延迟。

DivPrune: Diversity-based Visual Token Pruning for Large Multimodal Models

  • 将令牌剪枝建模为最大化最小多样性的优化问题,避免冗余。
  • 在16个数据集上实现顶尖准确率,最高剪枝比达80%无性能损失。
  • 无需微调,显著降低推理延迟和显存占用,适合部署场景。

大型多模态模型(LMMs)能理解文本、图像和视频等多种模态数据,但视觉令牌数量常达数千,极大增加推理复杂度与延迟。现有剪枝方法或需大量校准微调,或依赖次优重要性度量导致保留令牌冗余。本文首次将剪枝建模为最大-最小多样性问题(MMDP),通过求解该问题选择多样性最高的令牌子集,其余则被剪枝。所提方法DivPrune有效减少冗余,提升代表性。在高剪枝比下仍保持高性能,且无需微调。在多个主流多模态模型上测试显示,其在16个图像与视频-语言数据集上达到当前最优精度,同时显著降低端到端延迟与GPU内存使用。代码已公开。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have emerged as powerful models capable of understanding various data modalities, including text, images, and videos. LMMs encode both text and visual data into tokens that are then combined and processed by an integrated Large Language Model (LLM). Including visual tokens substantially increases the total token count, often by thousands. The increased input length for LLM significantly raises the complexity of inference, resulting in high latency in LMMs. To address this issue, token pruning methods, which remove part of the visual tokens, are proposed. The existing token pruning methods either require extensive calibration and fine-tuning or rely on suboptimal importance metrics which results in increased redundancy among the retained tokens. In this paper, we first formulate token pruning as Max-Min Diversity Problem (MMDP) where the goal is to select a subset such that the diversity among the selected {tokens} is maximized. Then, we solve the MMDP to obtain the selected subset and prune the rest. The proposed method, DivPrune, reduces redundancy and achieves the highest diversity of the selected tokens. By ensuring high diversity, the selected tokens better represent the original tokens, enabling effective performance even at high pruning ratios without requiring fine-tuning. Extensive experiments with various LMMs show that DivPrune achieves state-of-the-art accuracy over 16 image- and video-language datasets. Additionally, DivPrune reduces both the end-to-end latency and GPU memory usage for the tested models. The code is available $\href{https://github.com/vbdi/divprune}{\text{here}}$.

多模态剪枝推理加速多样性

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