arXiv:2503.02490cs.CV2025-03TPAMI被引 3

用深度学习实现高鲁棒性可逆水印,嵌入效率提升55倍。

Deep Robust Reversible Watermarking

  • 基于可逆整数网络与端到端训练,自适应增强鲁棒性。
  • 在PASCAL VOC 2012上成功嵌入16762张图像,辅助比特流缩小43.86倍。
  • 适合需要无损恢复与强抗损性的图像版权保护场景。

鲁棒可逆水印(RRW)可在无损信道中完美恢复原始图像和水印,并在有损信道中保持水印可提取。现有非深度学习方法设计复杂、计算开销大且鲁棒性差,限制了实际应用。本文提出深度鲁棒可逆水印(DRRW),采用整数可逆水印网络(iIWN)对整数数据分布进行可逆映射,克服传统方法局限。不同于需针对失真设计的传统方法,DRRW通过编码器-噪声层-解码器框架,实现端到端训练下的自适应鲁棒性。推理时,原始图像与水印映射为溢出的含水印图像和隐变量,经算术编码压缩为比特流,通过可逆数据隐藏嵌入,实现无损恢复。引入溢出惩罚损失降低像素溢出,缩短辅助比特流,同时提升鲁棒性和含水印图像质量。自适应权重调整策略避免手动设置水印损失权重,提升训练稳定性和性能。实验表明,DRRW优于现有最先进方法,嵌入、提取和恢复复杂度分别降低55.14倍、5.95倍和3.57倍,辅助比特流缩小43.86倍,在16,762张PASCAL VOC 2012图像上成功完成可逆嵌入,显著推进实用化。DRRW在鲁棒性和图像质量上超越不可逆鲁棒水印,同时保持可逆性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Robust Reversible Watermarking (RRW) enables perfect recovery of cover images and watermarks in lossless channels while ensuring robust watermark extraction in lossy channels. Existing RRW methods, mostly non-deep learning-based, face complex designs, high computational costs, and poor robustness, limiting their practical use. This paper proposes Deep Robust Reversible Watermarking (DRRW), a deep learning-based RRW scheme. DRRW uses an Integer Invertible Watermark Network (iIWN) to map integer data distributions invertibly, addressing conventional RRW limitations. Unlike traditional RRW, which needs distortion-specific designs, DRRW employs an encoder-noise layer-decoder framework for adaptive robustness via end-to-end training. In inference, cover image and watermark map to an overflowed stego image and latent variables, compressed by arithmetic coding into a bitstream embedded via reversible data hiding for lossless recovery. We introduce an overflow penalty loss to reduce pixel overflow, shortening the auxiliary bitstream while enhancing robustness and stego image quality. An adaptive weight adjustment strategy avoids manual watermark loss weighting, improving training stability and performance. Experiments show DRRW outperforms state-of-the-art RRW methods, boosting robustness and cutting embedding, extraction, and recovery complexities by 55.14\(\times\), 5.95\(\times\), and 3.57\(\times\), respectively. The auxiliary bitstream shrinks by 43.86\(\times\), with reversible embedding succeeding on 16,762 PASCAL VOC 2012 images, advancing practical RRW. DRRW exceeds irreversible robust watermarking in robustness and quality while maintaining reversibility.

可逆水印深度学习图像安全鲁棒性

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