arXiv:2503.03071cs.RO2025-03被引 1

用符号修复与优化结合,让四足机器人自适应复杂地形

Physically-Feasible Reactive Synthesis for Terrain-Adaptive Locomotion via Trajectory Optimization and Symbolic Repair

  • 符号化合成生成安全控制器,动态规划步态
  • 仅在必要时求解优化问题,降低计算开销
  • 适合需要实时反应的野外机器人任务

我们提出一种集成规划框架,用于四足机器人在动态变化、未知地形上的运动。现有方法或依赖启发式即时选脚点(牺牲安全与泛化性),或对复杂地形和长时域进行昂贵的轨迹优化。本文框架通过反应式合成在符号层级生成正确性保障的控制器,并利用混合整数凸规划(MICP)实现每一步转移的动态且物理可行的落脚点规划。通过高层管理器融合局部环境信息,降低合成状态空间,提升可扩展性。对于因动态不可行导致无法满足的约束,采用符号修复机制仅生成必要符号转移,减少昂贵的MICP求解次数。在线执行中,基于真实地形数据重运行MICP,并结合运行时符号修复,弥合离线合成与在线执行的差距。仿真结果表明,该框架能发现缺失的运动技能,并在碎石、钢筋等高危环境中快速响应。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We propose an integrated planning framework for quadrupedal locomotion over dynamically changing, unforeseen terrains. Existing approaches either rely on heuristics for instantaneous foothold selection--compromising safety and versatility--or solve expensive trajectory optimization problems with complex terrain features and long time horizons. In contrast, our framework leverages reactive synthesis to generate correct-by-construction controllers at the symbolic level, and mixed-integer convex programming (MICP) for dynamic and physically feasible footstep planning for each symbolic transition. We use a high-level manager to reduce the large state space in synthesis by incorporating local environment information, improving synthesis scalability. To handle specifications that cannot be met due to dynamic infeasibility, and to minimize costly MICP solves, we leverage a symbolic repair process to generate only necessary symbolic transitions. During online execution, re-running the MICP with real-world terrain data, along with runtime symbolic repair, bridges the gap between offline synthesis and online execution. We demonstrate, in simulation, our framework's capabilities to discover missing locomotion skills and react promptly in safety-critical environments, such as scattered stepping stones and rebars.

四足机器人路径规划符号合成优化控制

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