三架以上无人机可持续悬停负载,且飞行轨迹永不中断。
Cyclic Nullspace Coordination: Perpetual Flight of Aerial Carriers for Static Suspension
- 用哈密顿环设计力方向,使多机在三维空间中保持协同运动。
- 算法确保每根缆绳受力切向速度非零,实现负载静止下的永动飞行。
- 适用于固定翼无人机,支持故障容错与实际飞行约束。
本文证明,三架或更多无人载具的持续飞行可与缆索悬挂负载的恒定姿态相容,并提出生成载具协同持续轨迹的算法。该方法基于两大支柱:(1) 在负载抓取矩阵的3n-6维零空间中选取n个特殊线性无关的内力方向,构成连接负载上缆绳附着点的图的哈密顿环边;相邻方向用于在不同二维仿射子空间中生成力,尽管附着点通常位于三维空间;(2) 通过适当的图着色,将哈密顿环每条边映射为周期性坐标,确保相邻坐标导数不同时为零,从而构造椭圆轨迹。结合负载静力学与附着点位置条件,这些选择保证每个力轨迹在对应缆绳约束球面上具有非零切向速度,实现载具持续飞行而负载保持静止。本工作提供适用于任意n≥3的可扩展构造设计,给出调参指南,量化灵敏度与单载具失效影响,并开发了满足速度/滚转/航迹角约束的固定翼兼容规划器。理论结果通过四旋翼无人机的仿真与实验室实验验证。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This work demonstrates that the non-stop flights of three or more carriers are compatible with holding a constant pose of a cable-suspended load. It also presents an algorithm for generating the carriers' coordinated non-stop trajectories. The proposed method builds upon two pillars: (1) the choice of n special linearly independent directions of internal forces within the 3n-6-dimensional nullspace of the grasp matrix of the load, chosen as the edges of a Hamiltonian cycle on the graph that connects the cable attachment points on the load. Adjacent pairs of directions are used to generate n forces evolving on distinct 2D affine subspaces, despite the attachment points being generically in 3D; (2) the construction of elliptical trajectories within these subspaces by mapping, through appropriate graph coloring, each edge of the Hamiltonian cycle to a periodic coordinate while ensuring that no adjacent coordinates exhibit simultaneous zero derivatives. Combined with conditions for load statics and attachment point positions, these choices ensure that each of the n force trajectories projects onto the corresponding cable constraint sphere with non-zero tangential velocity, enabling perpetual motion of the carriers while the load is still. The work provides a scalable constructive design for any n greater than or equal to 3 with tuning guidelines, quantifies sensitivity and single-carrier failures, and provides a fixed-wing-compatible planner that preserves load statics under speed/bank/flight-path constraints. The theoretical findings are validated through simulations and laboratory experiments with quadrotor UAVs.
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