用机器学习预测储氢材料性能,发现钼降低储氢量40-50%。
Machine learning driven search of hydrogen storage materials
- 引入热力学参数和局域晶格畸变作为特征,训练梯度提升回归模型
- 在钛铌钼等合金中实现储氢量下降40-50%,实验与模拟验证动力学机制
- 生成元素周期表图谱,指导高储氢能力合金设计
向低碳经济转型需要高效可持续的储能方案,氢气作为清洁能源载体备受关注,金属氢化物则因其储氢能力被重视。本文利用机器学习(ML)预测氢/金属(H/M)比例和溶液能,融合热力学参数与局域晶格畸变(LLD)作为关键特征。最佳模型在多种三元合金(可扩展至多主元合金)中表现优异,如Ti-Nb-X(X = Mo, Cr, Hf, Ta, V, Zr)和Co-Ni-X(X = Al, Mg, V)。Ti-Nb-Mo合金显示成分对储氢行为的影响:Ti、Nb和V提升储氢容量,而Mo使H/M比和氢重量百分比降低40-50%。这归因于钼含量高的合金中氢扩散缓慢,经纯Ti与Ti5Mo95的压-组分等温线(PCT)实验验证。密度泛函理论(DFT)和分子模拟进一步表明,Ti和Nb促进氢扩散,而Mo阻碍其进行,揭示电子结构、晶格畸变与吸氢间的相互作用。值得注意的是,梯度提升回归模型确认了LLD是预测H/M的关键因素。为辅助材料筛选,我们构建两张周期表,分别展示元素对(a)H2重量百分比和(b)溶液能的影响,提供增强氢溶性与储氢能力的元素选择参考。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The transition to a low-carbon economy demands efficient and sustainable energy-storage solutions, with hydrogen emerging as a promising clean-energy carrier and with metal hydrides recognized for their hydrogen-storage capacity. Here, we leverage machine learning (ML) to predict hydrogen-to-metal (H/M) ratios and solution energy by incorporating thermodynamic parameters and local lattice distortion (LLD) as key features. Our best-performing ML model provides improvements to H/M ratios and solution energies over a broad class of ternary alloys (easily extendable to multi-principal-element alloys), such as Ti-Nb-X (X = Mo, Cr, Hf, Ta, V, Zr) and Co-Ni-X (X = Al, Mg, V). Ti-Nb-Mo alloys reveal compositional effects in H-storage behavior, in particular Ti, Nb, and V enhance H-storage capacity, while Mo reduces H/M and hydrogen weight percent by 40-50%. We attributed to slow hydrogen kinetics in molybdenum rich alloys, which is validated by our pressure-composition isotherm (PCT) experiments on pure Ti and Ti5Mo95 alloys. Density functional theory (DFT) and molecular simulations also confirm that Ti and Nb promote H diffusion, whereas Mo hinders it, highlighting the interplay between electronic structure, lattice distortions, and hydrogen uptake. Notably, our Gradient Boosting Regression model identifies LLD as a critical factor in H/M predictions. To aid material selection, we present two periodic tables illustrating elemental effects on (a) H2 wt% and (b) solution energy, derived from ML, and provide a reference for identifying alloying elements that enhance hydrogen solubility and storage.
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