arXiv:2503.04165cs.CV2025-03被引 4

利用整体标签提升弱监督学习中的特征表示,显著改善病理图像分类效果。

WeakSupCon: Weakly Supervised Contrastive Learning for Encoder Pre-training

  • 设计多任务对比损失,利用袋级标签优化特征学习
  • 在三个数据集上优于自监督方法,性能提升明显
  • 适合资源有限但需高质量特征的医学图像分析场景

弱监督多实例学习(MIL)在仅有袋级标签的情况下极具挑战性,每个袋包含多个实例。该问题在病理图像分析中尤为突出,因为标签通常仅提供于整张切片图像(WSI)层面,而每张WSI可分割为数千个图像块用于训练。现有主流MIL方法聚焦于特征聚合,输入为固定图像块特征,却忽视了弱监督下的特征表示学习。这些特征通常由未使用弱标签的自监督方法生成,或来自其他大规模数据集预训练的基础编码器。本文提出一种新的弱监督特征表示学习方法——弱监督对比学习(WeakSupCon),充分利用袋级标签。通过多任务学习框架,针对不同袋标签定义差异化的对比损失。实验表明,在计算资源有限条件下,使用WeakSupCon生成的特征显著提升了三种数据集上的MIL分类性能,优于自监督方法。代码已开源:github.com/BzhangURU/Paper_WeakSupCon。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Weakly supervised multiple instance learning (MIL) is a challenging task given that only bag-level labels are provided, while each bag typically contains multiple instances. This topic has been extensively studied in histopathological image analysis, where labels are usually available only at the whole slide image (WSI) level, while each WSI could be divided into thousands of small image patches for training. The dominant MIL approaches focus on feature aggregation and take fixed patch features as inputs. However, weakly supervised feature representation learning in MIL settings is always neglected. Those features used to be generated by self-supervised learning methods that do not utilize weak labels, or by foundation encoders pre-trained on other large datasets. In this paper, we propose a novel weakly supervised feature representation learning method called Weakly Supervised Contrastive Learning (WeakSupCon) that utilizes bag-level labels. In our method, we employ multi-task learning and define distinct contrastive losses for samples with different bag labels. Our experiments demonstrate that the features generated using WeakSupCon with limited computing resources significantly enhance MIL classification performance compared to self-supervised approaches across three datasets. Our WeakSupCon code is available at github.com/BzhangURU/Paper_WeakSupCon

弱监督对比学习病理图像特征学习

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