用儿童学习语言的方式,用1000万词训练出高效语言模型。
Towards Data-Efficient Language Models: A Child-Inspired Approach to Language Learning
- 基于儿童语言习得,用850万词童言数据+150万电视对话补足。
- 3.2万词表+课程学习,在部分任务上超越基准模型。
- 小数据+特定数据集更有效,适合研究高效语言模型者。
本文介绍在BabyLM挑战中采用的方法,通过显著减少数据量训练语言模型(LMs),并借鉴人类儿童的学习方式。尽管儿童接触的语言输入远少于大型语言模型(LLMs),却仍能实现出色的语言理解与生成能力。为此,我们使用一个经过筛选的1000万词数据集,主要来自儿童导向对话转录文本,过滤后得到850万词;再补充150万词的电视对话数据集TVR,使模型像儿童一样通过媒体接触语言。词汇量缩减至3.2万词,与儿童早期语言习得阶段一致。采用课程学习策略,在某些基准测试中达到甚至超过基线表现。此外,加入常规的LLM训练数据集(如MADLAD-400)反而降低性能。结果强调了数据集选择、词汇规模和课程学习对构建更高效语言模型的重要性,使其更贴近人类学习过程。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
In this work, we explain our approach employed in the BabyLM Challenge, which uses various methods of training language models (LMs) with significantly less data compared to traditional large language models (LLMs) and are inspired by how human children learn. While a human child is exposed to far less linguistic input than an LLM, they still achieve remarkable language understanding and generation abilities. To this end, we develop a model trained on a curated dataset consisting of 10 million words, primarily sourced from child-directed transcripts. The 2024 BabyLM Challenge initial dataset of 10M words is filtered to 8.5M. Next, it is supplemented with a randomly selected subset of TVR dataset consisting of 1.5M words of television dialogues. The latter dataset ensures that similar to children, the model is also exposed to language through media. Furthermore, we reduce the vocabulary size to 32,000 tokens, aligning it with the limited vocabulary of children in the early stages of language acquisition. We use curriculum learning and is able to match the baseline on certain benchmarks while surpassing the baseline on others. Additionally, incorporating common LLM training datasets, such as MADLAD-400, degrades performance. These findings underscore the importance of dataset selection, vocabulary scaling, and curriculum learning in creating more data-efficient language models that better mimic human learning processes.
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