生成式AI是算法媒体演进的一部分,需系统性监管以维护信息可信度。
Generative AI as Digital Media
- 将生成式AI视为算法媒体的延续,而非革命性颠覆
- 强调信任缺失会导致舆论分裂与信息孤岛
- 主张主动监管透明与问责,而非仅应对具体风险
生成式AI常被描述为革命性甚至灾难性的技术,引发新的监管需求。本文认为此类观点误判了其本质。生成式AI应被视为搜索与社交媒体之后算法媒体演进的自然延续。与前两者类似,它集中信息控制权,依赖复杂算法生成内容,并大量使用用户数据,从而延续了企业权力扩张、回音室效应和传统把关人失效等深层问题。因此,监管目标应一致:确保媒体机构保持可信。若缺乏信任,公共讨论将退化为被舒适化、部落化的封闭社群——而生成式AI恰好强化了绕过把关人与个性化真理的能力。当前欧盟《人工智能法案》与美国第14110号行政命令等框架侧重于反应式风险管理,关注可量化的威胁如国家安全、公共卫生与算法偏见。这类方法虽适用于新兴技术风险,却无法有效应对数字媒体固有的信任与合法性危机。必须转向前瞻性监管,推动透明、问责与公众信心建设。将生成式AI视为纯粹革命,可能重蹈社交平台与搜索引擎早期监管不足的覆辙。真正的出路在于主动塑造服务于公共利益的算法媒体环境,保障优质信息与健康的公民对话。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Generative AI is frequently portrayed as revolutionary or even apocalyptic, prompting calls for novel regulatory approaches. This essay argues that such views are misguided. Instead, generative AI should be understood as an evolutionary step in the broader algorithmic media landscape, alongside search engines and social media. Like these platforms, generative AI centralizes information control, relies on complex algorithms to shape content, and extensively uses user data, thus perpetuating common problems: unchecked corporate power, echo chambers, and weakened traditional gatekeepers. Regulation should therefore share a consistent objective: ensuring media institutions remain trustworthy. Without trust, public discourse risks fragmenting into isolated communities dominated by comforting, tribal beliefs -- a threat intensified by generative AI's capacity to bypass gatekeepers and personalize truth. Current governance frameworks, such as the EU's AI Act and the US Executive Order 14110, emphasize reactive risk mitigation, addressing measurable threats like national security, public health, and algorithmic bias. While effective for novel technological risks, this reactive approach fails to adequately address broader issues of trust and legitimacy inherent to digital media. Proactive regulation fostering transparency, accountability, and public confidence is essential. Viewing generative AI exclusively as revolutionary risks repeating past regulatory failures that left social media and search engines insufficiently regulated. Instead, regulation must proactively shape an algorithmic media environment serving the public good, supporting quality information and robust civic discourse.
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