arXiv:2503.07669cs.LG2025-03被引 3

WECAR让WiFi设备持续学习新动作,边端协同减少模型体积且不丢旧知识。

WECAR: An End-Edge Collaborative Inference and Training Framework for WiFi-Based Continuous Human Activity Recognition

  • 边端协作:边缘训练、终端推理,分担计算压力
  • 动态持续学习+分层蒸馏,参数量减少且准确率不降
  • 适配低算力设备,适合智能家居等资源受限场景

基于WiFi的人类活动识别(HAR)在智能环境泛在感知中具有重要前景。核心挑战在于系统需动态适应新场景,在不遗忘旧知识的前提下学习新动作,同时满足边缘设备的严苛计算约束。现有方法因需存储历史数据导致存储开销大,参数利用率低。本文提出WECAR,一种面向WiFi连续活动识别的边端协同推理与训练框架,通过解耦计算负载克服上述限制。边缘设备负责模型训练、轻量优化与更新,终端设备执行高效推理。WECAR引入两项关键创新:基于变压器的动态持续学习(含任务特定动态模型扩展与稳定性感知选择性重训)和面向终端部署的分层蒸馏机制(包含多头自注意力关系蒸馏与前缀关系蒸馏)。基于异构硬件实现,使用Jetson Nano作为边缘设备,ESP32作为终端设备。在三个公开WiFi数据集上的实验表明,WECAR不仅性能超越多个前沿方法,且在参数效率上表现优异,优化后模型参数量显著下降而精度未损失,验证了其在资源受限环境中的实用性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

WiFi-based human activity recognition (HAR) holds significant promise for ubiquitous sensing in smart environments. A critical challenge lies in enabling systems to dynamically adapt to evolving scenarios, learning new activities without catastrophic forgetting of prior knowledge, while adhering to the stringent computational constraints of edge devices. Current approaches struggle to reconcile these requirements due to prohibitive storage demands for retaining historical data and inefficient parameter utilization. We propose WECAR, an end-edge collaborative inference and training framework for WiFi-based continuous HAR, which decouples computational workloads to overcome these limitations. In this framework, edge devices handle model training, lightweight optimization, and updates, while end devices perform efficient inference. WECAR introduces two key innovations, i.e., dynamic continual learning with parameter efficiency and hierarchical distillation for end deployment. For the former, we propose a transformer-based architecture enhanced by task-specific dynamic model expansion and stability-aware selective retraining. For the latter, we propose a dual-phase distillation mechanism that includes multi-head self-attention relation distillation and prefix relation distillation. We implement WECAR based on heterogeneous hardware using Jetson Nano as edge devices and the ESP32 as end devices, respectively. Our experiments across three public WiFi datasets reveal that WECAR not only outperforms several state-of-the-art methods in performance and parameter efficiency, but also achieves a substantial reduction in the model's parameter count post-optimization without sacrificing accuracy. This validates its practicality for resource-constrained environments.

WiFi感知持续学习边端协同模型压缩

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