arXiv:2503.08222cs.RO2025-03中稿 · IROS 2025被引 6

用触觉反馈优化机器人手部翻转小物体的轨迹,提升成功率30%。

Trajectory Optimization for In-Hand Manipulation with Tactile Force Control

  • 基于非线性规划优化手指运动轨迹,确保接触点沿指面变化
  • 引入力控与状态估计,使翻转成功率达开环控制的1.3倍
  • 适合需要高精度抓取的工业自动化场景

人类手部擅长精准、稳健地操作小型物体,而传统机械手灵活性差,难以有效处理小物件,导致诸多自动化任务无法解决。本文提出一种基于优化的在手操纵框架,使用配备紧凑型磁性触觉传感器(MTS)的机器人手(来自Shadow Robot)。由于机器人手体积小,需在满足接触约束条件下估计物体状态,带来挑战。为此,我们采用非线性规划(NLP)构建手指运动轨迹优化问题,确保接触点沿手指几何形状移动。利用求解器输出的优化轨迹,实现开环控制器用于滚动运动。为进一步提升鲁棒性和精度,引入手指力控与基于MTS的物体状态估计算法。通过对比实验验证,结合力控与柔顺性的方案显著提升滚动精度与鲁棒性:采用力控的翻转成功概率比开环控制高30%。演示视频见 https://youtu.be/6J_muL_AyE8。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The strength of the human hand lies in its ability to manipulate small objects precisely and robustly. In contrast, simple robotic grippers have low dexterity and fail to handle small objects effectively. This is why many automation tasks remain unsolved by robots. This paper presents an optimization-based framework for in-hand manipulation with a robotic hand equipped with compact Magnetic Tactile Sensors (MTSs). The small form factor of the robotic hand from Shadow Robot introduces challenges in estimating the state of the object while satisfying contact constraints. To address this, we formulate a trajectory optimization problem using Nonlinear Programming (NLP) for finger movements while ensuring contact points to change along the geometry of the fingers. Using the optimized trajectory from the solver, we implement and test an open-loop controller for rolling motion. To further enhance robustness and accuracy, we introduce a force controller for the fingers and a state estimator for the object utilizing MTSs. The proposed framework is validated through comparative experiments, showing that incorporating the force control with compliance consideration improves the accuracy and robustness of the rolling motion. Rolling an object with the force controller is 30\% more likely to succeed than running an open-loop controller. The demonstration video is available at https://youtu.be/6J_muL_AyE8.

触觉控制轨迹优化在手操作

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