让大模型像人一样点击标注图像,实现精准像素级理解。
SegAgent: Exploring Pixel Understanding Capabilities in MLLMs by Imitating Human Annotator Trajectories
- 将分割任务建模为多步决策过程,通过文本点击点生成高质量掩码。
- 在多个数据集上达到SOTA性能,支持掩码优化与标注过滤。
- 适合研究视觉推理、多步决策的大模型开发者和评估者。
尽管多模态大模型(MLLMs)已具备良好的图像理解能力,但在像素级理解方面仍存不足,限制了实际应用。现有评估任务如视觉问答(VQA)和视觉定位过于粗略,无法准确衡量细粒度像素理解。虽然分割是像素级理解的基础,但现有方法通常依赖模型生成隐式标记,并通过外部像素解码器解析,这破坏了模型的文本输出空间,可能损害语言能力并降低灵活性。为此,我们提出人类仿生掩码标注任务(HLMAT),让MLLMs模仿人工标注者使用交互式分割工具。将分割建模为多步马尔可夫决策过程,使模型通过迭代生成基于文本的点击点,无需架构修改或隐式标记即可生成高质量掩码。基于此,我们构建了SegAgent,一个在人类标注轨迹上微调的模型,在多个基准测试中达到当前最优水平,并支持掩码优化与标注过滤。HLMAT提供了一种评估MLLM细粒度像素理解的新范式,引入以视觉为中心的多步决策任务,促进对模型视觉推理能力的探索。我们结合策略改进方法StaR与PRM引导的树搜索,进一步提升了模型在复杂分割任务中的鲁棒性,为未来细粒度视觉感知与多步决策研究奠定基础。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
While MLLMs have demonstrated adequate image understanding capabilities, they still struggle with pixel-level comprehension, limiting their practical applications. Current evaluation tasks like VQA and visual grounding remain too coarse to assess fine-grained pixel comprehension accurately. Though segmentation is foundational for pixel-level understanding, existing methods often require MLLMs to generate implicit tokens, decoded through external pixel decoders. This approach disrupts the MLLM's text output space, potentially compromising language capabilities and reducing flexibility and extensibility, while failing to reflect the model's intrinsic pixel-level understanding. Thus, we introduce the Human-Like Mask Annotation Task (HLMAT), a new paradigm where MLLMs mimic human annotators using interactive segmentation tools. Modeling segmentation as a multi-step Markov Decision Process, HLMAT enables MLLMs to iteratively generate text-based click points, achieving high-quality masks without architectural changes or implicit tokens. Through this setup, we develop SegAgent, a model fine-tuned on human-like annotation trajectories, which achieves performance comparable to state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods and supports additional tasks like mask refinement and annotation filtering. HLMAT provides a protocol for assessing fine-grained pixel understanding in MLLMs and introduces a vision-centric, multi-step decision-making task that facilitates exploration of MLLMs' visual reasoning abilities. Our adaptations of policy improvement method StaR and PRM-guided tree search further enhance model robustness in complex segmentation tasks, laying a foundation for future advancements in fine-grained visual perception and multi-step decision-making for MLLMs.
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