arXiv:2503.08752cs.LG2025-03被引 1

用移动充电车让救护车边跑边充,解决医疗运输中电动车续航难题。

Large Neighborhood Search and Bitmask Dynamic Programming for Wireless Mobile Charging Electric Vehicle Routing Problems in Medical Transportation

  • 融合移动充电车与电动救护车,实现行驶中充电
  • 自研算法在中大规模实例上优于传统求解器
  • 适合需准时送达的医疗运输场景

向电动汽车(EV)转型对实现可持续交通至关重要,但有限的续航里程和不足的充电基础设施阻碍了其在时间敏感型物流(如医疗运输)中的广泛应用。本文提出无线移动充电电动车辆路径问题(WMC-EVRP),使医疗运输电动车(MTEVs)可通过移动充电车(MCTs)在行驶中充电,避免停车充电的时间浪费,保障关键运输任务不间断运行。然而,两类异构车辆的决策高度耦合,显著增加路径优化难度。为此,本文构建数学模型,并设计结合位掩码动态规划(BDP)与大邻域搜索(LNS)的定制化元启发式算法:BDP高效优化充电策略,LNS通过自定义算子在容量与同步约束下优化MTEV路径。基于新加坡真实医院位置数据,实验验证了模型的实际可行性,为降低运营成本、确保医疗运输及时性提供了重要参考。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The transition to electric vehicles (EVs) is critical to achieving sustainable transportation, but challenges such as limited driving range and insufficient charging infrastructure have hindered the widespread adoption of EVs, especially in time-sensitive logistics such as medical transportation. This paper presents a new model to break through this barrier by combining wireless mobile charging technology with optimization. We propose the Wireless Mobile Charging Electric Vehicle Routing Problem (WMC-EVRP), which enables Medical Transportation Electric Vehicles (MTEVs) to be charged while traveling via Mobile Charging Carts (MCTs). This eliminates the time wastage of stopping for charging and ensures uninterrupted operation of MTEVs for such time-sensitive transportation problems. However, in this problem, the decisions of these two types of heterogeneous vehicles are coupled with each other, which greatly increases the difficulty of vehicle routing optimizations. To address this complex problem, we develop a mathematical model and a tailored meta-heuristic algorithm that combines Bit Mask Dynamic Programming (BDP) and Large Neighborhood Search (LNS). The BDP approach efficiently optimizes charging strategies, while the LNS framework utilizes custom operators to optimize the MTEV routes under capacity and synchronization constraints. Our approach outperforms traditional solvers in providing solutions for medium and large instances. Using actual hospital locations in Singapore as data, we validated the practical applicability of the model through extensive experiments and provided important insights into minimizing costs and ensuring the timely delivery of healthcare services.

路径优化电动车辆医疗运输动态规划

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