arXiv:2503.10040cond-mat.supr-concs.AI2025-03

用AI快速分析超导体的点接触安德烈夫反射谱,100毫秒内完成参数拟合。

Rapid analysis of point-contact Andreev reflection spectra via machine learning with adaptive data augmentation

  • 用卷积神经网络自动拟合点接触安德烈夫反射谱
  • 在不到100毫秒内完成单个谱的参数提取
  • 适合研究复杂配对对称性的超导材料学者

揭示超导序参量是探究配对机制、对称性与拓扑性质的关键。点接触安德烈夫反射(PCAR)是一种简洁而强大的工具,其谱线特征随序参量类型(如s波、手性px+ipy波、dx²−y²波)、大小Δ、温度、界面质量及费米速度失配等因素显著变化。传统方法需通过理论谱与实验谱拟合来反推参数,但因谱形复杂且参数维度高,耗时耗力。本研究采用卷积神经网络(CNN)构建模型,基于Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk(BTK)理论生成训练数据,并通过选择性添加噪声与峰结构进行自适应数据增强,使模型聚焦关键谱特征。优化后的模型可在100毫秒内完成对不同配对对称性超导体的实验谱参数拟合,为复杂序参量超导体的快速自动化分析提供新路径。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Delineating the superconducting order parameters is a pivotal task in investigating superconductivity for probing pairing mechanisms, as well as their symmetry and topology. Point-contact Andreev reflection (PCAR) measurement is a simple yet powerful tool for identifying the order parameters. The PCAR spectra exhibit significant variations depending on the type of the order parameter in a superconductor, including its magnitude ($\mathitΔ$), as well as temperature, interfacial quality, Fermi velocity mismatch, and other factors. The information on the order parameter can be obtained by finding the combination of these parameters, generating a theoretical spectrum that fits a measured experimental spectrum. However, due to the complexity of the spectra and the high dimensionality of parameters, extracting the fitting parameters is often time-consuming and labor-intensive. In this study, we employ a convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm to create models for rapid and automated analysis of PCAR spectra of various superconductors with different pairing symmetries (conventional $s$-wave, chiral $p_x+ip_y$-wave, and $d_{x^2-y^2}$-wave). The training datasets are generated based on the Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk (BTK) theory and further modified and augmented by selectively incorporating noise and peaks according to the bias voltages. This approach not only replicates the experimental spectra but also brings the model's attention to important features within the spectra. The optimized models provide fitting parameters for experimentally measured spectra in less than 100 ms per spectrum. Our approaches and findings pave the way for rapid and automated spectral analysis which will help accelerate research on superconductors with complex order parameters.

超导机器学习谱分析CNN

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