arXiv:2503.10070cs.ROcs.AI2025-03被引 7

低成本开源双臂机械臂,助力具身智能数据高效采集。

AhaRobot: A Low-Cost Open-Source Bimanual Mobile Manipulator for Embodied AI

  • 双臂结构降低扭矩需求,扩大垂直操作空间。
  • 控制优化实现0.7毫米重复精度,硬件成本仅1000美元。
  • 创新26面手柄提升远程操控精度80%,适合长时任务数据收集。

具身智能的视觉-语言-动作模型训练需要大量多样的操作数据,但商用移动操纵器和难以规模化部署的遥操作接口仍是主要瓶颈。我们提出AhaRobot,一种面向具身智能的低成本、全开源双臂移动操纵器。系统贡献包括:(1) 类SCARA双臂硬件设计,在降低电机扭矩需求的同时保持大垂直可达工作空间;(2) 优化控制栈,通过双电机反向间隙补偿与抖动法静态摩擦补偿提升精度;(3) RoboPilot遥操作界面,采用新型26面标记手柄,实现高精度、长时程远程数据采集。实验表明,软硬件协同设计使系统重复精度达0.7毫米,总硬件成本仅为1000美元。26面手柄相比6面基线追踪误差降低80%,数据采集效率提升30%,且能稳健处理奇异点,支持完全远程环境下的超长任务。尽管成本低廉,AhaRobot仍可实现复杂家居行为的模仿学习,涵盖双臂协调、上肢移动及高接触交互,数据质量媲美基于VR的采集方式。所有软件、CAD文件及文档均开源,详见https://aha-robot.github.io。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Scaling Vision-Language-Action models for embodied manipulation demands large volumes of diverse manipulation data, yet the high cost of commercial mobile manipulators and teleoperation interfaces that are difficult to deploy at scale remain key bottlenecks. We present AhaRobot, a low-cost, fully open-source bimanual mobile manipulator tailored for Embodied-AI. The system contributes: (1) a SCARA-like dual-arm hardware design that reduces motor torque demands while maintaining a large vertical reachable workspace, (2) an optimized control stack that improves precision via dual-motor backlash mitigation and static-friction compensation through dithering, and (3) RoboPilot, a teleoperation interface featuring a novel 26-faced marker handle for precise, long-horizon remote data collection. Experimental results show that our hardware-control co-design achieves 0.7 mm repeatability at a total hardware cost of only $1,000. The proposed 26-faced handle reduces tracking error by 80% over a 6-faced baseline and improves data-collection efficiency by 30%, while robustly handling singularities and supporting extremely long-horizon tasks in fully remote settings. Despite its low cost, AhaRobot enables imitation learning of complex household behaviors involving bimanual coordination, upper-body mobility, and contact-rich interaction, with data quality comparable to VR-based collection. All software, CAD files, and documentation are available at https://aha-robot.github.io.

具身智能双臂机器人遥操作低成本

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