用脑电图对比耳机与真实环境听声定位，发现非个体化头相关传输函数影响大脑响应。
EEG-Based Decoding of Sound Location: Comparing Free-Field to Headphone-Based Non-Individual HRTFs
- 通过脑电信号解码声源位置，比较真实环境与耳机播放差异
- 耳机播放时大脑皮层反应幅度下降，尤其在前后方向定位时更明显
- 脑电解码准确率与听觉混淆程度相关，可作为空间听觉评估指标
声源定位依赖双耳时间差（ITD）、双耳强度差（ILD）和单耳频谱线索。个体化头相关传输函数（HRTF）虽能实现精确空间听觉，但测量困难，常需使用非个体化HRTF，可能降低定位准确性和外部化感知。为深入探究此问题，本研究通过解码来自事件相关电位（ERPs）的脑电图信号，分析自由场与非个体化HRTF条件下神经生理差异。22名参与者在两种条件下完成声源定位任务，记录脑电并训练逻辑回归分类器以区分声源位置。结果显示，与自由场相比，使用KEMAR非个体化HRTF时前中央区及枕顶区皮层反应幅度显著降低。方差分析显示，声源呈现方式（F(1, 21) = 34.56, p < 0.0001）和位置（F(3, 63) = 18.17, p < 0.0001）对解码准确率均有显著影响，自由场条件及双耳线索主导位置的解码准确率更高。解码准确率与前后混淆率呈负相关（r = -0.57, p < 0.01），表明脑电解码结果与主观听觉混淆存在神经生理关联。研究证明，基于耳机的非个体化HRTF在静态方位变化刺激下诱发的大脑皮层反应幅度低于自由场条件；解码准确率与前后混淆率之间的相关性揭示了神经生理标记物在评估空间听觉分辨能力方面的潜力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Sound source localization relies on spatial cues such as interaural time differences (ITD), interaural level differences (ILD), and monaural spectral cues. Individually measured Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs) facilitate precise spatial hearing but are impractical to measure, necessitating non-individual HRTFs, which may compromise localization accuracy and externalization. To further investigate this phenomenon, the neurophysiological differences between free-field and non-individual HRTF listening are explored by decoding sound locations from EEG-derived Event-Related Potentials (ERPs). Twenty-two participants localized stimuli under both conditions with EEG responses recorded and logistic regression classifiers trained to distinguish sound source locations. Lower cortical response amplitudes were observed for KEMAR compared to free-field, especially in front-central and occipital-parietal regions. ANOVA identified significant main effects of auralization condition (F(1, 21) = 34.56, p < 0.0001) and location (F(3, 63) = 18.17, p < 0.0001) on decoding accuracy (DA), which was higher in free-field and interaural-cue-dominated locations. DA negatively correlated with front-back confusion rates (r = -0.57, p < 0.01), linking neural DA to perceptual confusion. These findings demonstrate that headphone-based non-individual HRTFs elicit lower amplitude cortical responses to static, azimuthally-varying locations than free-field conditions. The correlation between EEG-based DA and front-back confusion underscores neurophysiological markers' potential for assessing spatial auditory discrimination.
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