arXiv:2503.11019cs.LG2025-03被引 2

提出残差策略梯度,让强化学习模型更灵活地适应新任务。

Residual Policy Gradient: A Reward View of KL-regularized Objective

  • 将残差学习思想引入策略梯度,实现策略定制化。
  • 实验证明在MuJoCo上能有效平衡原始策略与新任务需求。
  • 适用于需微调的强化学习场景,尤其适合已有策略梯度基础的任务。

强化学习与模仿学习在多个领域取得成功,但在实际部署中仍受限于训练时未考虑的额外要求。为解决此问题,策略定制被提出,旨在调整先验策略同时保留其固有特性并满足新任务需求。目前主流的残差Q学习(RQL)方法基于价值函数,但尚未拓展至策略梯度方法,限制了其在策略梯度表现更优任务中的应用。本文首先推导出简化的软策略梯度形式,进而提出残差策略梯度(RPG),将RQL推广至梯度型强化学习框架。通过RPG视角重新审视广泛用于强化学习微调的KL正则化目标,发现其在特定假设下可导出最大熵策略,在奖励层面平衡原始策略属性与任务需求。在MuJoCo环境上的实验验证了软策略梯度与残差策略梯度的有效性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Reinforcement Learning and Imitation Learning have achieved widespread success in many domains but remain constrained during real-world deployment. One of the main issues is the additional requirements that were not considered during training. To address this challenge, policy customization has been introduced, aiming to adapt a prior policy while preserving its inherent properties and meeting new task-specific requirements. A principled approach to policy customization is Residual Q-Learning (RQL), which formulates the problem as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) and derives a family of value-based learning algorithms. However, RQL has not yet been applied to policy gradient methods, which restricts its applicability, especially in tasks where policy gradient has already proven more effective. In this work, we first derive a concise form of Soft Policy Gradient as a preliminary. Building on this, we introduce Residual Policy Gradient (RPG), which extends RQL to policy gradient methods, allowing policy customization in gradient-based RL settings. With the view of RPG, we rethink the KL-regularized objective widely used in RL fine-tuning. We show that under certain assumptions, KL-regularized objective leads to a maximum-entropy policy that balances the inherent properties and task-specific requirements on a reward-level. Our experiments in MuJoCo demonstrate the effectiveness of Soft Policy Gradient and Residual Policy Gradient.

强化学习策略梯度策略定制KL正则

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