用分层振荡器模拟人类对复杂节奏的感知与预期，贴近真实音乐体验。
Oscillatory Hierarchical Reservoirs for Human-like Rhythm Perception and Anticipation
- 构建四层振荡神经网络，对应节拍、律动、动作和高层认知层级。
- 模型在不同速度下稳定同步，能预测动作时机并抑制无声节拍的反应。
- 结果与人脑β波活动趋势相似，适合研究音乐认知与神经机制。
节奏是人类行为的基础，贯穿生命早期并深植于文化实践之中。尽管节奏预期常先于实际事件发生，但现有神经科学与人工智能研究多聚焦于节拍器任务，忽视复杂音乐节奏。为此，我们提出一种基于分层振荡器的计算模型，用于模拟复杂节奏感知的部分特征。模型包含四层耦合神经元，分别对应节拍（Tatum）、律动（Tactus）、动作（Motor）和高层认知（Higher Cognition）层级。通过多种速度与感知范围的节奏模式评估，模型保持稳定的同步性，并展现出若干节奏相关行为：提前预测动作时机、在律动与表面事件冲突时产生时间偏差，以及在预期但无声的节拍级脉冲处抑制动作预测。此外，动作层的β频段活动表现出节奏与速度依赖性调制，与人类β活动进行定性对比分析。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Rhythm is a fundamental aspect of human behaviour, present from infancy and deeply embedded in cultural practices. Rhythm anticipation often occurs before surface event onsets, yet most neuroscience and artificial intelligence studies focus on metronome-based tasks, with less attention to complex musical rhythms. To address this gap, we propose a hierarchical oscillator-based computational model for selected aspects of complex rhythm perception. The model uses coupled neurons that generate oscillations across four layers corresponding to Tatum, Tactus, Motor, and Higher Cognition levels. We evaluate the model using representative rhythm patterns spanning different tempi and perceptual ranges. The model maintains stable entrainment and exhibits selected rhythm-relevant behaviours, including anticipatory movement-timing predictions, timing deviations under tactus-surface conflict, and suppression of movement-timing predictions at anticipated-but-silent tatum-level pulses. In addition, Motor Layer beta-band activity shows rhythm- and tempo-dependent modulation, which we report as a qualitative exploratory comparison with human beta activity.
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