arXiv:2503.13036cs.ROeess.SP2025-03

用气压层和电成像层融合,实现大面积机器人触觉皮肤的精准多点力感知。

Pneumatic-Tomographic Tactile Skin for Multicontact Localization and Force Estimation

  • 双通道设计:电成像定位接触点,气压层测量力大小。
  • 单次校准后误差仅0.59牛,比纯电成像降低35%-60%。
  • 无需大量数据或复杂训练,适合实际应用部署。

基于电导率断层成像(EIT)的触觉皮肤可在少电极条件下实现大范围接触定位,但灵敏度不均导致力估计精度受限。本文提出一种双通道触觉皮肤,集成EIT层与气压层,并设计校准框架以发挥二者互补优势。EIT层提供鲁棒的多点接触定位,气压层则提供稳定的标量力测量值用于力估计。引入位置感知校正方法,通过一次校准学习平滑的空间增益与偏移场,实现空间一致的多点力估计。在单点接触实验中,系统根均方误差(RMSE)为0.59牛(对应10-25毫米压头),较纯EIT方法(1.45-1.48牛)降低35%-60%。多点接触实验中,每接触点的RMSE相比未经校正的气压基线降低39.6%。该系统在多种接触配置下表现准确,可泛化至不同压头尺寸,同时保留了EIT在多点定位上的固有优势。通过让气压层负责力估计、EIT层负责定位,避免了传统EIT方法对大规模数据集、复杂校准流程和重型机器学习管道的依赖。该双通道设计为构建大面积极其易校准的机器人触觉皮肤提供了实用、可扩展的解决方案。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Tactile skins based on electrical impedance tomography (EIT) enable large-area contact localization with few electrodes, but suffer from nonuniform sensitivity that limits force estimation accuracy. This work introduces a dual-channel tactile skin that integrates an EIT layer with a pneumatic pressure layer and a calibration framework that leverages their complementary strengths. The EIT layer provides robust multicontact localization, while the pneumatic pressure layer supplies a stable scalar measurement that serves as contact force estimation. A location-aware correction method is introduced, learning smooth spatial gain and offset fields from a single-session calibration, enabling spatially consistent multicontact force estimation. With location-aware correction, the proposed system achieves a single-contact force estimation root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.59 N across 10-25-mm indenters, representing a 35%-60% reduction over EIT-only approaches (1.45-1.48 N). In multicontact experiments, the per-contact RMSE is reduced by 39.6% compared to the uncorrected pneumatic baseline. The proposed system achieves accurate force estimation across diverse contact configurations, generalizes to varying indenter sizes, and preserves EIT's inherent advantages in multicontact localization. By letting the pneumatic pressure layer handle the force estimation and using the EIT layer to determine where each contact occurs, the method avoids the need for large datasets, complicated calibration setups, and heavy machine-learning pipelines often required by previous EIT-only approaches. This dual-channel design provides a practical, scalable, and easy-to-calibrate solution for building large-area robotic skins.

触觉感知力估计机器人皮肤多点定位

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