arXiv:2503.14753cs.ROcs.SY2025-03

11自由度冗余机器人实现精准CT引导穿刺,提升操作灵活性与安全性。

Dexterous Control of an 11-DOF Redundant Robot for CT-Guided Needle Insertion With Task-Oriented Weighted Policies

  • 通过6+5自由度分体结构设计,突破空间限制
  • 两阶段加权逆运动学控制使轨迹跟踪误差小于0.8毫米
  • 适合临床穿刺手术中对精度与避障要求高的场景

计算机断层扫描(CT)引导下的穿刺活检对肺癌等疾病诊断至关重要,但面临狭小舱内空间、操作时间长和辐射暴露等问题。机器人辅助可提高穿刺轨迹精度、减少辐射并实现实时调整。此前我们提出一种用于狭窄CT舱内的冗余机器人平台,但基座移动能力有限,难以灵活部署。本研究提出改进的11自由度(DOF)机器人系统,整合6自由度机械臂基座与5自由度绳索驱动末端执行器,显著提升工作空间灵活性与精度。凭借超冗余自由度,引入两阶段优先级加权逆运动学控制器,用于大范围移动与精细舱内调节,并采用空域控制策略优化操作灵巧性。通过仿真与真实实验验证,系统在追踪精度与可操作性方面表现优异,为机器人辅助穿刺活检提供了强有力的超冗余与空域控制方案。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Computed tomography (CT)-guided needle biopsies are critical for diagnosing a range of conditions, including lung cancer, but present challenges such as limited in-bore space, prolonged procedure times, and radiation exposure. Robotic assistance offers a promising solution by improving needle trajectory accuracy, reducing radiation exposure, and enabling real-time adjustments. In our previous work, we introduced a redundant robotic platform designed for dexterous needle insertion within the confined CT bore. However, its limited base mobility restricts flexible deployment in clinical settings. In this study, we present an improved 11-degree-of-freedom (DOF) robotic system that integrates a 6-DOF robotic base with a 5-DOF cable-driven end-effector, significantly enhancing workspace flexibility and precision. With the hyper-redundant degrees of freedom, we introduce a weighted inverse kinematics controller with a two-stage priority scheme for large-scale movement and fine in-bore adjustments, along with a null-space control strategy to optimize dexterity. We validate our system through both simulation and real-world experiments, demonstrating superior tracking accuracy and enhanced manipulability in CT-guided procedures. The study provides a strong case for hyper-redundancy and null-space control formulations for robot-assisted needle biopsy scenarios.

机器人穿刺冗余控制医疗机器人逆运动学

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