用机器学习提升卫星信标数据质量,实现更准的太阳耀斑追踪。
Beacon2Science: Enhancing STEREO/HI beacon data with machine learning for efficient CME tracking
- 通过ML增强信标数据的信噪比和空间分辨率
- 插值提升时间分辨率至40分钟,匹配科学数据
- 改进轨迹追踪精度,误差降至0.5度,适合未来任务
实时观测与预测日冕物质抛射(CME)至关重要,因其可能引发强烈地磁暴,对卫星和电力设备造成损害。STEREO/HI信标数据具有近实时性,是早期预警的理想来源。然而,以往研究发现,仅靠信标数据进行到达预测的精度低于高分辨率科学数据,主要受限于数据缺失和质量较差。本文提出名为Beacon2Science的新型机器学习流程,弥合信标数据与科学数据之间的差距。该流程首先提升信标数据的质量(信噪比与空间分辨率),再通过学习插值方法将时间分辨率提升至40分钟,与科学数据一致。通过改进模型架构与损失函数,增强连续帧间的信息一致性。增强后的信标图像在可见性上优于原始数据,且从增强信标数据中提取的CME轨迹更接近科学数据,平均方位误差由原始数据的1°降低至约0.5°。该工作为未来任务如Vigil和PUNCH提供了应用基础。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Observing and forecasting coronal mass ejections (CME) in real-time is crucial due to the strong geomagnetic storms they can generate that can have a potentially damaging effect, for example, on satellites and electrical devices. With its near-real-time availability, STEREO/HI beacon data is the perfect candidate for early forecasting of CMEs. However, previous work concluded that CME arrival prediction based on beacon data could not achieve the same accuracy as with high-resolution science data due to data gaps and lower quality. We present our novel machine-learning pipeline entitled ``Beacon2Science'', bridging the gap between beacon and science data to improve CME tracking. Through this pipeline, we first enhance the quality (signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution) of beacon data. We then increase the time resolution of enhanced beacon images through learned interpolation to match science data's 40-minute resolution. We maximize information coherence between consecutive frames with adapted model architecture and loss functions through the different steps. The improved beacon images are comparable to science data, showing better CME visibility than the original beacon data. Furthermore, we compare CMEs tracked in beacon, enhanced beacon, and science images. The tracks extracted from enhanced beacon data are closer to those from science images, with a mean average error of $\sim 0.5 ^\circ$ of elongation compared to $1^\circ$ with original beacon data. The work presented in this paper paves the way for its application to forthcoming missions such as Vigil and PUNCH.
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