arXiv:2503.15548cs.CRcs.AI2025-03被引 15

为RAG系统设计加密方案,保护知识库不被泄露。

Privacy-Aware RAG: Secure and Isolated Knowledge Retrieval

  • 对文本和嵌入向量双重加密存储,防止未授权访问。
  • 加密后仍保持RAG性能,兼容多种应用场景。
  • 提供安全证明,优于现有方法的鲁棒性与适应性。

检索增强生成(RAG)系统在实际应用中广泛使用,其专有知识库的机密性和完整性面临日益严重的威胁。这些知识库对提升大语言模型(LLM)生成能力至关重要,但容易遭受数据泄露风险。本文提出一种先进的加密方法,对文本内容及其对应嵌入向量进行加密存储,确保数据始终处于加密状态。只有持有正确解密密钥的授权实体才能访问,显著降低意外暴露风险。同时,该方法保持了RAG流水线的性能与功能,支持跨领域、多场景部署。通过全面的安全证明,验证了本方法对潜在威胁的强韧性,揭示了现有方案在鲁棒性、适应性或依赖开源模型方面的不足。研究结果表明,将先进加密技术融入RAG系统的设计与部署,可有效强化隐私保护。本工作推动了对AI服务安全机制的讨论,倡导在RAG架构中建立更严格的数据保护标准。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The widespread adoption of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems in real-world applications has heightened concerns about the confidentiality and integrity of their proprietary knowledge bases. These knowledge bases, which play a critical role in enhancing the generative capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), are increasingly vulnerable to breaches that could compromise sensitive information. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an advanced encryption methodology designed to protect RAG systems from unauthorized access and data leakage. Our approach encrypts both textual content and its corresponding embeddings prior to storage, ensuring that all data remains securely encrypted. This mechanism restricts access to authorized entities with the appropriate decryption keys, thereby significantly reducing the risk of unintended data exposure. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our encryption strategy preserves the performance and functionality of RAG pipelines, ensuring compatibility across diverse domains and applications. To validate the robustness of our method, we provide comprehensive security proofs that highlight its resilience against potential threats and vulnerabilities. These proofs also reveal limitations in existing approaches, which often lack robustness, adaptability, or reliance on open-source models. Our findings suggest that integrating advanced encryption techniques into the design and deployment of RAG systems can effectively enhance privacy safeguards. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on improving security measures for AI-driven services and advocates for stricter data protection standards within RAG architectures.

RAG加密隐私保护

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