arXiv:2503.15617cs.CVcs.AI2025-03ICCV

用连续嵌入提升语义图像生成,更准且抗干扰。

CAM-Seg: A Continuous-valued Embedding Approach for Semantic Image Generation

  • 用连续嵌入替代离散表示,避免信息损失。
  • 在城市景观等数据集上,对天气和视角变化鲁棒性更强。
  • 适合需要跨域适应与抗噪的生成任务应用。

传统基于Transformer的语义分割依赖量化嵌入,但我们的分析发现,使用量化嵌入(如VQ-VAE)重建分割掩码的准确率比连续嵌入(如KL-VAE)低8%。为此,我们提出一种连续嵌入框架,将语义掩码生成建模为连续的图像到嵌入扩散过程,无需离散潜在表示,同时保留精细的空间与语义细节。核心贡献包括一个扩散引导的自回归Transformer,通过建模图像特征中的长程依赖关系,学习连续语义嵌入空间。框架采用统一结构:先用VAE编码器提取连续特征,再由扩散引导的Transformer生成条件嵌入,最后通过VAE解码器重建语义掩码。该设计支持零样本领域自适应,得益于嵌入空间的连续性。在多样数据集(如Cityscapes及其域偏移变体)上的实验表明,模型对分布偏移具有最先进鲁棒性,包括恶劣天气(如雾、雪)和视角变化。在高斯噪声、中度运动模糊及亮度/对比度变化下,性能保持在约95%的平均精度(AP),仅受50%椒盐噪声、饱和度与色相偏移影响至约90%的AP,表现稳定。代码已公开:https://github.com/mahmed10/CAMSS.git

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Traditional transformer-based semantic segmentation relies on quantized embeddings. However, our analysis reveals that autoencoder accuracy on segmentation mask using quantized embeddings (e.g. VQ-VAE) is 8% lower than continuous-valued embeddings (e.g. KL-VAE). Motivated by this, we propose a continuous-valued embedding framework for semantic segmentation. By reformulating semantic mask generation as a continuous image-to-embedding diffusion process, our approach eliminates the need for discrete latent representations while preserving fine-grained spatial and semantic details. Our key contribution includes a diffusion-guided autoregressive transformer that learns a continuous semantic embedding space by modeling long-range dependencies in image features. Our framework contains a unified architecture combining a VAE encoder for continuous feature extraction, a diffusion-guided transformer for conditioned embedding generation, and a VAE decoder for semantic mask reconstruction. Our setting facilitates zero-shot domain adaptation capabilities enabled by the continuity of the embedding space. Experiments across diverse datasets (e.g., Cityscapes and domain-shifted variants) demonstrate state-of-the-art robustness to distribution shifts, including adverse weather (e.g., fog, snow) and viewpoint variations. Our model also exhibits strong noise resilience, achieving robust performance ($\approx$ 95% AP compared to baseline) under gaussian noise, moderate motion blur, and moderate brightness/contrast variations, while experiencing only a moderate impact ($\approx$ 90% AP compared to baseline) from 50% salt and pepper noise, saturation and hue shifts. Code available: https://github.com/mahmed10/CAMSS.git

语义生成连续嵌入扩散模型鲁棒性

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