arXiv:2503.16127cs.ROcs.NE2025-03被引 3

软体机器人形态与控制需匹配任务难度,复杂度要对得上才高效。

The Morphology-Control Trade-Off: Insights into Soft Robotic Efficiency

  • 用进化实验研究形态与控制复杂度的协同关系。
  • 简单任务用简单结构和轻量控制即可,难任务需双高复杂度。
  • 揭示形态与控制间可互换的权衡关系,适合设计任务专用机器人。

软体机器人在动态环境中具有变革性潜力,但其形态与控制复杂度之间的相互作用及其对任务性能的影响尚不明确。本研究通过四类常用形态复杂度指标和以浮点运算量(FLOPs)衡量的控制复杂度,结合进化机器人实验,在不同难度的任务中探究了二者间的权衡关系。结果表明,最优性能取决于形态与控制的匹配:简单任务仅需简单形态与轻量控制器,而复杂任务则需要两者同时提升。此外,发现达成相同任务性能时,形态与控制复杂度之间存在明显权衡。进一步提出敏感性分析,揭示各形态指标对任务的特异性贡献。本研究建立了一个分析形态、控制与任务性能关系的框架,推动了兼顾计算效率与适应性的任务定制化机器人设计,为软体机器人在真实场景中的应用提供可操作洞见。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Soft robotics holds transformative potential for enabling adaptive and adaptable systems in dynamic environments. However, the interplay between morphological and control complexities and their collective impact on task performance remains poorly understood. Therefore, in this study, we investigate these trade-offs across tasks of differing difficulty levels using four well-used morphological complexity metrics and control complexity measured by FLOPs. We investigate how these factors jointly influence task performance by utilizing the evolutionary robot experiments. Results show that optimal performance depends on the alignment between morphology and control: simpler morphologies and lightweight controllers suffice for easier tasks, while harder tasks demand higher complexities in both dimensions. In addition, a clear trade-off between morphological and control complexities that achieve the same task performance can be observed. Moreover, we also propose a sensitivity analysis to expose the task-specific contributions of individual morphological metrics. Our study establishes a framework for investigating the relationships between morphology, control, and task performance, advancing the development of task-specific robotic designs that balance computational efficiency with adaptability. This study contributes to the practical application of soft robotics in real-world scenarios by providing actionable insights.

软体机器人形态控制进化算法任务适配

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