不重建场景,仅用两视图闭环实现高效高精度轨迹估计。
Loop Closure from Two Views: Revisiting PGO for Scalable Trajectory Estimation through Monocular Priors
- 构建无稠密几何的稀疏关键帧位姿图,避免传统捆绑调整
- 在多个大规模数据集上达到接近有重建系统的定位精度
- 适合长期大范围部署的实时视觉导航系统
(视觉)同时定位与地图构建(SLAM)是使自主系统在大尺度环境中导航和理解的关键挑战。传统方法在效率与精度之间难以平衡,尤其在大规模场景中需大量计算资源进行场景重建和捆绑调整(BA)。然而,这种以视觉特征点云形式存在的重建结果,通常仅用于SLAM内部,而导航与规划所需的地图表示不同。本文提出一种更可扩展的视觉SLAM(VSLAM)方法,无需场景重建,主要依赖两视图闭环技术。通过将地图限制为无稠密几何表示的稀疏关键帧位姿图,我们的'2GO'系统实现了高效优化,并在绝对轨迹精度上表现良好。特别是,我们发现图像匹配与单目深度先验的最新进展使得无需BA即可实现高精度轨迹优化。我们在多种数据集上进行了广泛实验,涵盖大尺度场景,并详细分析了运行时间、精度与地图规模之间的权衡。结果表明,该简化方法支持实时性能,在地图规模与轨迹长度上具有良好扩展性,显著提升了长时大环境下的VSLAM能力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
(Visual) Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) remains a fundamental challenge in enabling autonomous systems to navigate and understand large-scale environments. Traditional SLAM approaches struggle to balance efficiency and accuracy, particularly in large-scale settings where extensive computational resources are required for scene reconstruction and Bundle Adjustment (BA). However, this scene reconstruction, in the form of sparse pointclouds of visual landmarks, is often only used within the SLAM system because navigation and planning methods require different map representations. In this work, we therefore investigate a more scalable Visual SLAM (VSLAM) approach without reconstruction, mainly based on approaches for two-view loop closures. By restricting the map to a sparse keyframed pose graph without dense geometry representations, our `2GO' system achieves efficient optimization with competitive absolute trajectory accuracy. In particular, we find that recent advancements in image matching and monocular depth priors enable very accurate trajectory optimization without BA. We conduct extensive experiments on diverse datasets, including large-scale scenarios, and provide a detailed analysis of the trade-offs between runtime, accuracy, and map size. Our results demonstrate that this streamlined approach supports real-time performance, scales well in map size and trajectory duration, and effectively broadens the capabilities of VSLAM for long-duration deployments to large environments.
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