混合使用经典与量子硬件,提升变分量子算法训练效率与精度。
Enhancing variational quantum algorithms by balancing training on classical and quantum hardware
- 用高效硬件构造的波函数形式,结合经典增强与量子梯度方法。
- 相比纯量子方法,量子硬件调用减少60%,量子相分类准确率提升2.8%。
- 有效缓解平坦区问题,适合大模型量子训练场景。
量子计算机为解决经典计算难以处理的问题(如大数分解、大规模线性代数和复杂量子系统模拟)提供了可能,但通常需要容错量子硬件。变分量子算法(VQAs)是利用近期量子设备求解复杂问题的可行路径,但仍面临可训练性和资源消耗难题。本文提出一种基于硬件高效与李代数支持的波函数形式(HELIA),并设计两种结合经典增强的g-sim方法与基于量子的参数移位规则(PSR)的训练策略。通过将梯度估计与训练资源在经典与量子硬件间分配,实现性能提升。我们在6至18比特哈密顿量的基态估计算法(VQE)及最多12比特哈密顿量的量子神经网络相位分类任务中进行了数值验证。在VQE中,本方法显著提高精度与成功率,平均减少60%的量子硬件调用;在分类任务中,测试准确率最高提升2.8%。同时,数值结果表明HELIA有助于缓解训练过程中的平坦区问题,为大规模量子模型训练奠定基础。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Quantum computers offer a promising route to tackling problems that are classically intractable such as in prime-factorization, solving large-scale linear algebra and simulating complex quantum systems, but potentially require fault-tolerant quantum hardware. On the other hand, variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are a promising approach for leveraging near-term quantum computers to solve complex problems. However, there remain major challenges in their trainability and resource costs on quantum hardware. Here we address these challenges by adopting Hardware Efficient and dynamical LIe algebra supported Ansatz (HELIA), and propose two training methods that combine an existing classical-enhanced g-sim method and the quantum-based Parameter-Shift Rule (PSR). Our improvement comes from distributing the resources required for gradient estimation and training to both classical and quantum hardware. We numerically evaluate our approach for ground-state estimation of 6 to 18-qubit Hamiltonians using the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) and quantum phase classification for up to 12-qubit Hamiltonians using quantum neural networks. For VQE, our method achieves higher accuracy and success rates, with an average reduction in quantum hardware calls of up to 60% compared to purely quantum-based PSR. For classification, we observe test accuracy improvements of up to 2.8%. We also numerically demonstrate the capability of HELIA in mitigating barren plateaus, paving the way for training large-scale quantum models.
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