arXiv:2503.16365cs.CVcs.AI2025-03ACL被引 31

让视觉语言模型学会用键盘鼠标玩我的世界,能执行上千种指令任务。

JARVIS-VLA: Post-Training Large-Scale Vision Language Models to Play Visual Games with Keyboards and Mouse

  • 通过自监督方式优化视觉语言模型,提升其对环境的理解与空间定位能力。
  • 在1000+原子任务上表现超越基线40%,实现游戏内指令执行的显著提升。
  • 适合研究通用智能体、人机交互和开放世界决策的学者参考。

近期,开放世界环境中基于动作的决策受到广泛关注。视觉语言动作(VLA)模型在大规模网络数据集上预训练后,在决策任务中展现出潜力。然而,以往工作多集中于动作后训练,忽视了基础模型本身的改进。为此,我们提出一种新方法——视觉语言后训练(Act from Visual Language Post-Training),通过视觉与语言引导,在自监督框架下优化视觉语言模型(VLM),显著提升其在开放世界中的世界知识、视觉识别与空间定位能力。基于此范式,我们首次构建可在《我的世界》中执行超过1000种原子任务(如制作、熔炼、烹饪、挖掘、击杀)的VLA模型,且可理解人类指令。实验表明,非轨迹任务上的后训练使模型在多样原子任务上性能相比最优基线提升40%。此外,该方法优于传统模仿学习策略,达到《我的世界》中的最先进水平。代码、模型与数据集已开源,项目主页见 https://craftjarvis.github.io/JarvisVLA。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Recently, action-based decision-making in open-world environments has gained significant attention. Visual Language Action (VLA) models, pretrained on large-scale web datasets, have shown promise in decision-making tasks. However, previous work has primarily focused on action post-training, often neglecting enhancements to the foundational model itself. In response, we introduce a novel approach, Act from Visual Language Post-Training, which refines Visual Language Models (VLMs) through visual and linguistic guidance in a self-supervised manner. This enhancement improves the models' capabilities in world knowledge, visual recognition, and spatial grounding in open-world environments. Following the above post-training paradigms, we obtain the first VLA models in Minecraft that can follow human instructions on over 1k different atomic tasks, including crafting, smelting, cooking, mining, and killing. Our experiments demonstrate that post-training on non-trajectory tasks leads to a significant 40% improvement over the best agent baseline on a diverse set of atomic tasks. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our approach surpasses traditional imitation learning-based policies in Minecraft, achieving state-of-the-art performance. We have open-sourced the code, models, and datasets to foster further research. The project page can be found in https://craftjarvis.github.io/JarvisVLA.

视觉语言模型游戏智能体后训练开放世界

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