用贝塞尔曲线采样高斯点实现快速可微矢量图渲染
Bezier Splatting for Fast and Differentiable Vector Graphics Rendering
- 沿贝塞尔曲线采样2D高斯点，自然获得边界梯度
- 相比DiffVG，前向/反向计算提速30倍和150倍
- 支持转为SVG格式，兼容现有工具链
可微矢量图形广泛用于图像矢量化与合成，但现有表示优化成本高，难以在高分辨率下实现高质量渲染。本文提出新型可微矢量图形表示方法——贝塞尔点阵（Bézier Splatting），实现快速且高保真的矢量图光栅化。该方法沿贝塞尔曲线采样二维高斯点，天然提供对象边界的梯度信息。得益于基于点阵的可微光栅化器，贝塞尔点阵在开放曲线上的前向与反向光栅化速度分别达到DiffVG的30倍和150倍。此外，我们引入自适应剪枝与加密策略，动态调整曲线空间分布以逃离局部极小值，进一步提升矢量图形质量。该表示还支持转换为标准XML格式的SVG，增强与现有矢量图形工具链的互操作性。实验表明，贝塞尔点阵显著优于现有方法，在视觉保真度和优化速度上均有明显提升。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Differentiable vector graphics (VGs) are widely used in image vectorization and vector synthesis, while existing representations are costly to optimize and struggle to achieve high-quality rendering results for high-resolution images. This work introduces a new differentiable VG representation, dubbed Bézier Splatting, that enables fast yet high-fidelity VG rasterization. Bézier Splatting samples 2D Gaussians along Bézier curves, which naturally provide positional gradients at object boundaries. Thanks to the efficient splatting-based differentiable rasterizer, Bézier Splatting achieves 30x and 150x faster per forward and backward rasterization step for open curves compared to DiffVG. Additionally, we introduce an adaptive pruning and densification strategy that dynamically adjusts the spatial distribution of curves to escape local minima, further improving VG quality. Furthermore, our new VG representation supports conversion to standard XML-based SVG format, enhancing interoperability with existing VG tools and pipelines. Experimental results show that Bézier Splatting significantly outperforms existing methods with better visual fidelity and significant optimization speedup.
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