单次使用反宣传工具能提升批判思维，但效果不持久。
Effective Yet Ephemeral Propaganda Defense: There Needs to Be More than One-Shot Inoculation to Enhance Critical Thinking
- 基于接种理论设计反宣传工具，结合双系统认知模型评估效果。
- 实验显示使用期间批判思维显著提升，但断开工具后效果消失。
- 适合关注媒体素养教育与长期抗宣传策略的研究者。
在当前的媒体环境中，宣传传播对社会产生重大影响，引发困惑、削弱民主进程，并使新闻读者更难做出判断。本文研究了使用宣传检测与上下文化工具对批判性思维和宣传意识的长期影响。基于接种理论（inoculation theory），即预先暴露于弱化版宣传可增强抵御能力，我们结合Kahneman的双系统理论（dual-system theory）来衡量工具对批判性思维的影响。通过两阶段在线实验，评估多种接种剂量的效果。结果显示，虽然使用工具时批判性思维明显提升，但一旦停止使用，这种提升便迅速消失。这表明单次使用无法建立持久的抗宣传韧性。论文讨论了其启示，并提出改进长期抵抗能力的可能路径。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
In today's media landscape, propaganda distribution has a significant impact on society. It sows confusion, undermines democratic processes, and leads to increasingly difficult decision-making for news readers. We investigate the lasting effect on critical thinking and propaganda awareness on them when using a propaganda detection and contextualization tool. Building on inoculation theory, which suggests that preemptively exposing individuals to weakened forms of propaganda can improve their resilience against it, we integrate Kahneman's dual-system theory to measure the tools' impact on critical thinking. Through a two-phase online experiment, we measure the effect of several inoculation doses. Our findings show that while the tool increases critical thinking during its use, this increase vanishes without access to the tool. This indicates a single use of the tool does not create a lasting impact. We discuss the implications and propose possible approaches to improve the resilience against propaganda in the long-term.
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