arXiv:2503.16594cs.ITcs.LG2025-03被引 1

用少量导频数据实现高精度无线符号检测,无需估计信道。

Decision Feedback In-Context Learning for Wireless Symbol Detection

  • 通过决策反馈机制,将已检测符号作为伪标签迭代提升后续检测。
  • 仅需1对导频就达到传统方法4对以上导频的性能。
  • 适合导频稀缺的低开销通信场景,如物联网或实时系统。

预训练Transformer通过上下文学习(ICL)可在不更新模型的情况下适应新任务。基于Transformer的无线接收机利用导频数据(发送与接收信号对)作为提示,当导频充足时表现出高检测精度。然而实际中导频成本高且数量有限。本文提出新型接收机设计DEFINED,绕过信道估计,直接利用极少导频完成符号检测。其核心创新在于在ICL中引入决策反馈机制:将已检测符号逐步作为伪标签加入提示,以改进后续符号的检测。我们还建立了误差下界,并提供模型在信道分布不匹配下的泛化理论分析。大量实验表明,经DEFINED训练的小型Transformer在多种无线场景下显著优于传统方法,某些情况下仅需1对导频即可达到传统方法超过4对导频的性能。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Pre-trained Transformers, through in-context learning (ICL), have demonstrated exceptional capabilities to adapt to new tasks using example prompts without model update. Transformer-based wireless receivers, where prompts consist of the pilot data in the form of transmitted and received signal pairs, have shown high detection accuracy when pilot data are abundant. However, pilot information is often costly and limited in practice. In this work, we propose DEcision Feedback IN-ContExt Detection (DEFINED) as a new wireless receiver design, which bypasses channel estimation and directly performs symbol detection using the (sometimes extremely) limited pilot data. The key innovation in DEFINED is the proposed decision feedback mechanism in ICL, where we sequentially incorporate the detected symbols into the prompts as pseudo-labels to improve the detection for subsequent symbols. We further establish an error lower bound and provide theoretical insights into the model's generalization under channel distribution mismatch. Extensive experiments across a broad range of wireless settings demonstrate that a small Transformer trained with DEFINED achieves significant performance improvements over conventional methods, in some cases only needing a single pilot pair to achieve similar performance to the latter with more than 4 pilot pairs.

无线通信TransformerICL符号检测

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