只保留重要视觉特征,大幅降低计算量且不影响效果
When Less is Enough: Adaptive Token Reduction for Efficient Image Representation
- 用自编码器+门控选择机制筛选关键视觉令牌
- OCR任务中删50%以上令牌仍保持性能,随机删则严重下降
- 通用任务仅需30%令牌即可媲美全量输入,适合部署优化
视觉编码器通常生成大量视觉令牌,虽信息丰富但计算开销大。本文提出一种基于特征重构价值的自适应令牌压缩方法:低价值特征可由高价值特征重建。通过集成自编码器与Gumbel-Softmax选择机制,动态保留最具信息量的视觉令牌。在LLaVA-NeXT模型上验证,对于基于OCR的任务,超过50%的视觉上下文可被移除而性能损失极小;而随机丢弃相同比例特征会显著影响模型能力。在通用任务中,即使仅保留30%的令牌,性能也与使用全部令牌相当。结果表明,该方法为高效多模态剪枝提供了可行路径,实现低开销、可扩展的推理。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Vision encoders typically generate a large number of visual tokens, providing information-rich representations but significantly increasing computational demands. This raises the question of whether all generated tokens are equally valuable or if some of them can be discarded to reduce computational costs without compromising quality. In this paper, we introduce a new method for determining feature utility based on the idea that less valuable features can be reconstructed from more valuable ones. We implement this concept by integrating an autoencoder with a Gumbel-Softmax selection mechanism, that allows identifying and retaining only the most informative visual tokens. To validate our approach, we compared the performance of the LLaVA-NeXT model, using features selected by our method with randomly selected features. We found that on OCR-based tasks, more than 50% of the visual context can be removed with minimal performance loss, whereas randomly discarding the same proportion of features significantly affects the model capabilities. Furthermore, in general-domain tasks, even randomly retaining only 30% of tokens achieves performance comparable to using the full set of visual tokens. Our results highlight a promising direction towards adaptive and efficient multimodal pruning that facilitates scalable and low-overhead inference without compromising performance.
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